ATP, Transport, & Tonicity
This process takes place in the mitochondria and uses glucose and oxygen to make ATP.
What is cellular respiration?
This term describes atoms of the same type grouped together.
What is an element?
These basic life processes—nutrient intake, waste removal, and repair—are all carried out by this unit of life.
What is a cell?
This type of cell lacks a nucleus and is commonly found in bacteria.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
These organisms are too small to see without a microscope.
What are microorganisms?
This process uses oxygen to break down glucose and produce ATP efficiently.
What is aerobic cellular respiration?
These are charged particles formed when atoms gain or lose electrons.
What are ions?
This blood cell is involved in the immune response and is also known as a leukocyte.
What is a white blood cell?
Located inside the nucleus, this structure produces RNA and helps assemble ribosomes.
What is the nucleolus?
These medications are used to treat bacterial infections.
What are antibiotics?
This form of cellular transport uses ATP to move substances from low to high concentration.
What is active transport?
This type of ion carries a negative charge and includes bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻).
What is an anion?
This membrane structure regulates what enters and exits the cell.
What is the cell membrane (plasma membrane)?
This organelle is made up of a network of channels that helps synthesize proteins and lipids.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
This term refers to bacteria naturally found in the body that help it function properly.
What is normal flora?
This form of endocytosis allows the cell to “drink” liquid substances.
What is pinocytosis?
This term describes an electrically charged element that dissolves in water and conducts electricity.
What is an electrolyte?
This nerve cell feature makes it capable of sending signals long distances.
What is its long, threadlike shape?
These vesicles contain digestive enzymes and are responsible for cleaning up cell debris.
What are lysosomes?
This is the protein coat that protects a virus’s genetic material.
What is a capsid?
This type of solution causes water to rush into the cell, potentially causing it to burst.
What is a hypotonic solution?
Name three physiologically important cations found in the human body.
What are sodium (Na⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), and potassium (K⁺)?
This selective barrier allows only certain materials to pass in and out of the cell.
What is selective permeability?
These short, hair-like projections move in a wavelike motion to help transport particles across the cell surface.
What are cilia?
These fungal reproductive units allow fungi to spread and grow in new areas.
What are spores?
What are spores?