Rationalism and Enlightment
What is Rationalism?
Who discovered that the Earth revolves around the sun?
Nicolaus Copernicus
What event started the French Revolution on July 14, 1789?
Storming of the Bastille
What Catholic traditions looks fore balanced faith and reason?
Scholasticism
Who captured Pope Pius VI and took him to France?
Napoleon Bonaparte
What famous quote is attributed to Rene Descartes?
"I think, therefore I am."
Which catholic scientist was arrested "under suspicion of heresy?"
Galileo Galilei
What happened to Church land during the French Revolution?
It was taken away and sold to fund the Revolution.
What was Voltaire's famous book that satirized religion?
Candide
What was the agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII called?
The Concordat of 1801
What is Deism's view of God?
God exists but does not intervene in creation like a watchmaker.
What did Galileo mean in his 1610 letter when he thanked God?
He was grateful to be the first to observe new truths for hidden ages.
What were priests called who refused to sign the loyalty oath?
Refractaires
How did the Church maintain its presence after the Revolution despite the shortage of clergy?
Laypeople formed groups that became new religious orders.
What condition did the Pope accept in the Concordat?
He would appoint bishops but not reclaim Church property.
Name the Enightment thinker who was critical of organized religion but still believed in God.
Voltaire
What was the Church's actual stance on science at the time?
Supportive of science, as long as it didn't deny God's existence.
What was the "Reign of Terror?"
A period of mass executions.
Who was the Pope during the start of the French Revolution?
Pope Pius VI
Why did Napoleon imprison Pope Pius VII?
The pope refused to annul his marriage or support political plans.
How did Enlightment thinkers want Christianity to change?
They wanted to submit to reason and reduce authority of the Church and Scripture.
What was Pope John Paul's II's position on Galileo's case in 1992?
Expressed regret for the Church's treatment of Galileo and the false conflict between faith and science.
What did Pope Pius VI do in response to the clergy loyalty oath?
He condemned the oath.
How did the French Revolution attempt to replace Christianity?
With "civil religion."
How di Pius VII's resistance affect the papacy?
It increased the prestige of the pope as a moral leader.