Muscles 101
This type of muscle is voluntary and attaches to bones.
What is skeletal muscle?
Where two bones meet.
What is a joint?
Largest bone in the body.
What is the femur?
The tough membrane around bones.
What is the periosteum?
Digestion begins here.
What is the mouth?
Organ that produces bile (but does not store it).
What is the liver?
This term describes a muscle getting shorter and pulling on a bone.
What is contraction?
Connective tissue that cushions joints and reduces friction.
What is cartilage?
Another name for the “collarbone.”
What is the clavicle?
Soft tissue inside bones that creates blood cells.
What is bone marrow?
Muscular tube that moves food to the stomach.
What is the esophagus?
The pancreas releases enzymes and this blood sugar–regulating hormone.
What is insulin?
The heart contains this unique type of muscle.
What is cardiac muscle?
Movement that decreases the angle of a joint.
What is flexion?
Bone that protects the brain.
What is the cranium?
Dense, strong layer of bone.
What is compact bone?
The stomach uses this acid to break down food.
What is hydrochloric acid?
Enzyme in saliva that begins starch digestion.
What is amylase?
These muscles work in pairs so one contracts while the other relaxes.
What are antagonistic pairs?
Tissues that connect muscle to bone.
What are tendons?
The small bones forming the spine.
What are vertebrae?
The mineral that strengthens bones.
What is calcium?
Most nutrient absorption occurs in this organ.
What is the small intestine?
Hairlike structures that absorb nutrients in the small intestine.
What are villi?
Protein filaments inside muscles that slide to create movement.
What are actin and myosin?
The shoulder and hip belong to this highly mobile joint type.
What is a ball-and-socket joint?
The rib cage protects these two vital organs.
What are the heart and lungs?
Three types of bone cells.
What are osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes?
This organ stores bile before releasing it.
What is the gallbladder?
Part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing water.
What is the large intestine?
The functional unit of a muscle fiber—responsible for contraction.
What is the sarcomere?
This type of joint allows rotation (example: neck turning).
What is a pivot joint?
The two lower arm bones—one rotates, one stabilizes.
What are the radius and ulna?
The structure that contains red marrow and produces the most blood cells in children.
What is spongy bone (in long-bone epiphyses)?
This wave-like motion moves food through the digestive tract.
What is peristalsis?
The valve between the stomach and small intestine that controls food release.
What is the pyloric sphincter?