DNA & RNA
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
WHAT ARE THE DNA BASES?
A polypeptide chain of amino acids
WHAT IS A PROTEIN?
Any change in the DNA/NUCLEOTIDE/BASE sequence
WHAT IS A MUTATION?
Use the MOST DESIRABLE TRAITS from selected animals to produce the next generation
WHAT IS SELECTIVE BREEDING?
Different forms of a GENE
WHAT ARE ALLELES?
Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Thymine
WHAT ARE THE RNA BASES?
Amino acids are put together here to make proteins
WHAT IS RIBOSOME?
RADIATION, UV LIGHT, SUNLIGHT, TOXIC CHEMICALS, VIRUSES
WHAT CASUES MUTATIONS?
(THESE ARE MUTAGENS/MUTAGENIC AGENTS)
Breeders often use this technique to maintain desired characteristics of a line of organisms
WHAT IS INBREEDING?
PHYSICAL characteristic of an individual
WHAT IS PHENOTYPE?
Adenine and Thymine
Cytosine and Guanine
Adenine and Uracil
WHAT IS (COMPLIMENTARY) BASE PAIRING?
mRNA copies a sequence of DNA (gene) that codes for a protein
WHAT IS TRANSCRIPTION?
Homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly
WHAT IS NONDISJUNCTION?
Making changes in the DNA code of a living organism
WHAT IS GENETIC ENGINEERING?
Symbols that make up a trait
(2 ALLELES make it)
WHAT IS GENOTYPE?
A base, deoxyribose (a 5 Carbon sugar), and a phosphate group
WHAT IS A NUCLEOTIDE?
mRNA is decoded into proteins at the ribosome
WHAT IS TRANSLATION?
Three chromosomes at pair #21
WHAT IS TRISOMY 21 OR DOWNS SYNDROME?
Used to "cut" DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
WHAT ARE (RESTRICTION) ENZYMES
Most characteristics of an organism result from the interaction between them and their
WHAT ARE GENES AND THE ENVIRONMENT?
Weak Hydrogen bonds
WHAT HOLDS THE NITROGEN BASES TOGETHER?
Cell Receptors
Hormones
Enzymes
Antibodies
Pigments
WHAT IS IMPORTANCE OF PROTEIN SHAPE & FUNCTION?
(SHAPE DETERMINES FUNCTION!)
Procedure used to diagnose TRISOMY 21
WHAT IS KARYOTYPE?
Used to separate DNA fragments by size. Also used in Forensics for CSI cases.
WHAT IS GEL ELECTROPHORESIS?
Having 2 IDENTICAL alleles for a particular gene
Having 2 DIFFERENT alleles for a particular gene
WHAT IS HOMOZYGOUS?
WHAT IS HETEROZYGOUS?