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Geography
Math
Potpourri
Religion
Food
100
A cab driver from this country stabbed the English football mascot Robert Sebbage. Chalcidice is a peninsula in this country that is home to the Pindus Mountains. This country is home to the active volcano Santorini located in the Aegean Sea. This country, currently led by George Papandreou, recently received bailouts to help the Euro recover. The Corinth Channel separates the mainland of this country from the Peloponnese Peninsula. This country’s highest point is Mount Olympus. Name this country with capital at Athens.
What is Greece?
100
One form of this property can be calculated by raising the product of each value in a sample to 1/n [“one over n”], and this property also comes in a “harmonic” variety. The law of large numbers states that the value of this property of a sample becomes closer to its true value as the sample size increases. Name this quantity from statistics that can be calculated by dividing the sum of the values of each component over the number of components in a system, which is contrasted with the median and mode.
What is mean?
100
In one episode, this character asks another to “Help me get with it, Jack,” when he hears a word that isn’t in his “hiptionary,” and in another episode he plays a sad song on the “world’s smallest violin.” He frightens another character when he attempts to request the song “Electric Zoo” on the radio. This character defiles the grave of Smitty Werbenyager-Manjensen to steal a rare soda-drink hat and hallucinates that everyone is speaking in squeaks in an episode in which he eventually eats a pair of boots originally given to his daughter Pearl. For 10 points, name this miserly crustacean and employer of SpongeBob SquarePants.
What is Mr.Krabs?
100
This prophet killed an overseer in his youth, after which he fled to Midian where he married Zipporah, the daughter of Jethro. In one story, this prophet struck a rock and water flowed from it. This man was succeeded by Joshua, who entered the ‘Land of Milk and Honey’ unlike this leader. This prophet found his brother Aaron and his people worshipping a golden calf when he returned from Mount Sinai with the Ten Commandments. Name this Jewish prophet who parted the Red Sea while leading the Israelites from Egypt.

What is Moses?
100
Two different receptors for this vitamin can dimerize or homodimerize to bind DNA and regulate gene transcription, and one symptom of its deficiency is xerophthalmia. Bitot’s spots are another symptom of deficiency of this vitamin, which is sometimes administered alongside vaccines because of its role in bolstering lymphocyte activity. This vitamin is key in the synthesis of (*) rhodopsin. Several carotenoids can be converted into this fat-soluble vitamin, whose metabolite retinal is necessary for scotopic vision. Name this vitamin found in foods like liver and carrots whose deficiency causes night blindness.
What is vitamin A?
200
One building in this city has three tiered stages of an oval shape that are made to look retractable, while another building in this city has eight gargoyle-like structures jutting out under a series of crown ornamentations. The Four Seasons restaurant is located in a building designed by Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and Phillip Johnson in this city, which is home to the Lipstick Building. An art-deco building with a staggered façade is the tallest building in this city where the Seagram Building is located. Name this North Eastern city, home to the Empire State Building.
What is New York City?
200
A curve that has torsion zero everywhere lies in this many dimensions. The Hilbert and Peano curves have a Hausdorff dimension of this. A trivial statement about spheres of this many dimensions is also true for the dimension one greater than this one by the Poincaré conjecture. An Argand diagram requires this many dimensions, since the (*) complex numbers are a vector space of this many dimensions over the reals. A manifold of this many dimensions is called a surface. Polygons and polar coordinates exist in this many dimensions, and objects of this many dimensions have a volume of zero, as they have no depth. Give the number of dimensions of a plane.
What are two dimensions?
200
This artist included scenes of car crashes in works like Five Deaths on Orange and Green Disaster Ten Times, components of this artist’s Death and Disaster Series. His long-take films show a man sleeping for five hours and the Empire State Building at night for eight hours. He made a film showing women in environs including the title hotel starring Nico with a soundtrack by the Velvet Underground. This maker of (*) Sleep, Empire, and Chelsea Girls silkscreened fifty images of a movie star, half with blonde hair and a purple face and half in black and white, in his Marilyn Diptych. Name this Pop Artist who had a studio called The Factory and painted series of Campbell’s soup cans.
Who is Andy Warhol?
200
The teachings of this philosophy are collected in the Four Books, which include the Great Learning and the Doctrine of the Mean. The central tenet of this philosophy is ren, or proper behavior towards others. Filial piety is stressed by this philosophy that is often paired with Taoism or Buddhism. The teachings this philosophy’s founder are collected in the Analects. Name this ethical and philosophical system based on the teachings of its namesake Chinese founder (by the way, this is not actually a religion).
What is Confucianism?
200
In Roman times, a byproduct from this industry was made into garum. This is the dominant industry of cities in the U.K. like Peterhead and Grimsby. Conflicts over resources central to this industry escalated in 1972 when a NATO member extended the reach of its Exclusive Economic Zone. It’s not salt, but Mark Kurlansky detailed the success of the Basques in one subset of this industry. During the Middle Ages, the output of this industry was sold at the Scania Market, which was controlled by the (*) Hanseatic League. Clashes over this industry led to multiple conflicts between England and Iceland in the mid-20th Century. Major centers of this industry in the US include Dutch Harbor. Name this industry, which was at the center of the Cod Wars.
What is fishing?
300
This country was claimed by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos after natives of this country killed Ferdinand Magellan. Manuel Roxas was the first president of this independent nation, while Manuel Quezon was the first president of this country’s Commonwealth. Emilio Aguinaldo led a guerrilla war against the US in this future nation. One dictator from this country had his rival Benigno Aquino Jr. assassinated. This nation’s capital was liberated from the Japanese by Douglas MacArthur. Name this island nation once ruled by Ferdinand Marcos, with capital at Manila.

What is Phillipines?
300
These objects can be generated by Hutchinson operators such as iterated function systems. A plot of the convergence of Newton’s method in the complex plane is one of these objects which were introduced in the paper “How Long is The Coastline of Britain?” Many of these objects can be imaged using the escape-time algorithm. Almost all Julia sets are these objects which have non-integral dimension, and examples of these objects include the Koch snowflake and Sierpinski’s triangle. Name these geometrical objects which are self-similar, such as the Mandlebrot set.
What is fractals?
300
A general appointed by this body, Jean Humbert, was defeated at the Battle of Ballinamuck in a failed attempt to capture Ireland. This government executed Gracchus Babeuf, the head of the Conspiracy of Equals. With the Austrian Empire, this entity signed a treaty recognizing the Ligurian and Cisalpine Republics, the Treaty of (*) Campo Formio. This government ended a revolt in the Vendee, and it was preserved when a certain general defeated a rebellion with a “whiff of grapeshot.” This entity included two houses, the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Elders, and was controlled by five namesake executives. Established by the Constitution of 1795, name this French Revolutionary government that gave way to the Consulate of Napoleon.

What is the Directory?
300
The Afikomen is hidden for the children during this holiday whose participants eat bitter herbs. Before this holiday begins, participants discard any chametz from their homes. During this holiday, participants dip their finger into wine and place one drop on their plate for each plague. Matzah is eaten during this holiday, the text of which is the Haggadah, including passages from Exodus. Name this Jewish holiday that commemorates the deliverance from Egypt after the death of all Egyptian first-borns.
What is Passover?
300
Along with coconut milk and spices, this foodstuff is fermented to produce a dish called tempoyak. Locals sometimes compare the shape of Singapore's Esplanade music hall to this foodstuff. Chantaburi No. 1, named for a Thai province that grows this foodstuff, is a genetically-engineered variant designed by Songpol Somsri to make it more palatable. In Chinese folk belief, this "heating" foodstuff is seen as complementary to the mangosteen, a so-called "queen" akin to this spiky-shelled "king of fruits." Name this large tropical fruit, whose custard-like interior has a notoriously pungent smell that has made this fruit prohibited on subways in Singapore.
What is durian?
400
This country’s Waikato region is home to the Waitomo Glowworm caves while the West Coast region is home to Fox Glacier and Franz Josef Glacier. This country is located on the boundary of two tectonic plates, leading to volcanic activity in the Taupo Volcanic Zone and frequent earthquakes, such as the one that struck Christchurch in February 2011. Most people in this country live on the North and South Islands. A May 2011 tornado cut a three mile wide path through this country’s city of Auckland. Name this country with capital at Wellington.

What is New Zealand?
400
A process named for Cholesky decomposes these objects into the product of a lower- triangular matrix with its adjoint. These objects are always orthogonally diagonalizable, and are positive- definite if and only if all their eigenvalues are positive. Different eigenspaces of these objects produce orthogonal eigenvectors, and according to the (*) spectral theorem, these objects always have orthonormal bases of eigenvectors; thus, all these types of matrices’ eigenvalues are real. Generalized by Hermitian matrices, name these types of matrices that are equal to their transpose, with entries i,j always equal to entries j,i.
What are symmetric matrices?
400
One character in this novel who works at the Central London Hatchery has a purely sexual relationship with Henry Foster. In this work, Popé gives a copy of The Complete Works of William Shakespeare to Linda on a New Mexico reservation. Helmholtz Watson is a friend of Bernard Marx, an Alpha male who loves Lenina Crowne in this novel. John the Savage is isolated in a lighthouse and later hangs himself to avoid the World State run by Mustapha Mond in this novel. Name this dystopian novel by Aldous Huxley.
What is Brave New World?
400
The “Tablet of the True Seeker” is included in this faith’s primary text, The Book of Certitude, and its other texts include the Kitab al-Aqdas. This religion lacks central dogma and believes in racial and gender equality as well as a promise of world peace. This religion is centered at Haifa. Adherents of this religion believe that there is only one God with many manifestations who sends prophets including Jesus, Muhammad, and the Bab in a line from Adam to this faith’s founder Baha’u’llah. Name this religion symbolized by a nine-pointed star.
What is Baha'i?
400
What is the food borne illness that may be caused from eating low-acid home canned or commercially canned foods that have not been processed or stored properly?
What is botulism
500
The Southern Development Fund used by this country’s government in the 1950s created so-called “cathedrals in the desert.” The leggine and partyocracy systems in this country endured thanks to the secret Parliamentary voting clause of its post-war Constitution. In the 1960s, it was home to radical groups like the Metropolitan Indians and Worker Autonomy. Its people expelled their “May King” after World War II, and one prime minister of this country (*) owned the Mediaset Company. Name this country, who witnessed kidnappings by the Red Brigade during its “Years of Lead,” as well as the murder of Prime Minister Aldo Moro.
What is Italy?
500
Joshua Bloch famously admitted that his implementation of an algorithm to do this for the Java Development Kit could lead to an integer overflow error because of a line that added low and high values and dived by two. This operation can be performed with a high probability of success in Big O of N to the one half time using a quantum computing algorithm called Grover’s Algorithm. One form of this operation can be performed on strings using the (*) Rabin-Karp algorithm. One of the simplest ways to perform this operation runs in Big O of log N time and works by continually calculating a midpoint and determining if the midpoint is lower or higher than the desired value; that is the binary form of this operation. Name this type of algorithm at the heart of websites like Bing and Google.
What is searching algorithm?
500
One character in this work sings “Io son disonorato” as Ramfis and priests seize him for being a traitor. The title character sings “Ritorna vincitor” after her love leaves to battle her father King Amonasro, to whom she sings “O patria mia.” A ruler’s son returns with captives during a triumphal march in this opera. This work ends with a double scene, at the top of which Amneris laments her condemned lover Radames who is imprisoned alive in a tomb at the bottom. Name this Giuseppe Verdi opera about the title Ethiopian princess.
What is Aida?
500
As a child, this figure danced on the head of the naga Kaliya, who had been terrorizing the Yamuna river, and this figure’s brother wields a plough and mace. Wives of this brother of Balarama include Rukmini, and this son of Vasudeva and Devaki was raised by Yashodha [Ya-sho-da]. This deity’s consort is the cow-herd girl Radha, and this figure is the king of Dwaraka. Depictions of this deity often show him playing the flute. Name this dark skinned Hindu deity who narrates the Bhagavad Gita, the eighth avatar of Vishnu.
What is Krishna?
500
In the lead-up to this event, George Clymer ineptly traveled the countryside in disguise, originally saying he was Henry Knox. During this event, Robert Johnson was tarred and feathered while John Neville was burned in effigy. Mediators at the conventions held to prevent this conflict from occurring included Albert Gallatin, a future Treasury Secretary, and (*) Hugh Henry Brackenridge. One side in this conflict was derisively nicknamed the Watermelon Army. After Governor Mifflin refused to raise the militia to suppress it, Lighthorse Harry Lee commanded the militia sent by George Washington to western Pennsylvania to quash it. Name this rebellion which was sparked by an excise tax on the namesake drink.
What is the Whiskey Rebellion?