The Scientific Method
Dr. Garcia is performing an experiment to see how cell division in flies is affected by the addition of a certain protein, called protein W, into a cell's cytoplasm.
She has found that adding protein W to a cell drastically reduces the chances of the cell becoming cancerous. For protein W to be developed into a cancer treatment, what comparison should she make?
A) Dr. Garcia should compare fly cells to human cells.
2,000ml = _____liter
2 liters
Mark Watney needs to ration his food supply on Mars for 100 sols (Martian days). If he has 500 grams of food, how many grams of food can he consume each sol to make it last until rescue arrives?
500 grams ÷ 100 sols = 5 grams of food per sol.
C. Star
Which of the following best estimates the number of galaxies in the universe?
B) Billions
In science class, Harry and his classmates are performing a controlled scientific investigation. The teacher has already picked a topic and testable question for the class to study and has provided background research on the topic.
Before performing the investigation, the students must first
B) Harry and his classmates should form a hypothesis to predict the outcome of the investigation.
3,100m = ______ km
3.1 km
The Martian atmosphere has only 0.15% of the pressure found on Earth. If Earth's atmospheric pressure is about 101.3 kilopascals, what is the atmospheric pressure on Mars in kilopascals?
101.3 kPa × 0.0015 = 0.15195 kilopascals.
What is the color that represents the hottest type of star?
a) Red
b) Orange
c) White
d) blue
D) Blue
What object is the structure of the universe best compared to?
a) a bubble
b) a spider web
c) a spiral
d) a tube
A) a bubble
Carl knows that water moves through different kinds of soil at different rates. How easily water moves through a soil is known as permeability. Carl decides to compare the permeabilities of different soil types.
To do this, Carl takes five identical flower pots with holes in the bottom and fills each one with different soil:
Carl pours one liter of water into each pot and measures how much water flows out of the bottom in one minute.
Which of the following variables should be kept constant during this experiment?
A) the amount of water that goes into each pot
45,699 ml = ______liters
45.699l
Mark Watney needs to calculate the average temperature on Mars during his stay. If the highest recorded temperature is 20 degrees Celsius and the lowest recorded temperature is -80 degrees Celsius, what is the average temperature on Mars during his mission?
(20°C + -80°C) ÷ 2 = -30 degrees Celsius.
What are the two main elements that make up stars?
Hydrogen & Helium
What are the two types of planets?
In a controlled scientific experiment,
D. one or more variables are kept constant.
2.798g
A scientist uses 1/4 cup of baking powder and 5/8 cup of acid. To create an explosion in a volcano. What is the combined amount of products used?
7/8 or 0.875
What is the term to describe the brightness of a star?
Luminosity
A ________ is a large collection of stars, gas, and dust that is held together by gravity.
a) universe
b) galaxy
c) solar system
d) planet
B) Galaxy
D. dependent variables
123,456,789mm = ________ km
123.456789km
An mpc is about 3 1/4 million light years.
The Virgo Galaxy Cluster is 19 mpc from the Milky Way. How far away is this in light years?
61.75 light years away
Describe the difference between absolute and apparent magnitude.
Absolute Magnitude: How bright a star is on a set scale in comparison to all other stars.
Apparent Magnitude: How bright a star appears when it is viewed from Earth.
What are the three types of galaxies?
Spiral
Elliptical
Irregular