Science & Nature
This process, which occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, converts light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
Photosynthesis
Built during the 3rd century BC to protect against northern invasions, this massive architectural structure stretches over 13,000 miles across East Asia.
Great Wall of China
Spanning nine nations in South America, this river contains the largest drainage basin in the world and produces roughly 20% of global river flow.
Amazon River
Painted on the wall of the Santa Maria delle Grazie convent in Milan, this Leonardo da Vinci masterpiece depicts Jesus and his apostles at their final meal.
The Last Supper
Released in 2011, this sandbox game created by Markus "Notch" Persson eventually became the best-selling video game of all time, surpassing 300 million copies sold.
Minecraft
Formed in the high-density cores of massive collapsing stars, these space phenomena possess a gravitational pull so strong that not even light can escape.
Black Hole
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in June 1914 sparked the immediate outbreak of this global conflict.
World War I
Straddling the border between Nepal and China, this peak in the Himalayas reaches an elevation of 8,848 meters (29,029 ft) above sea level.
Mount Everest
Painted by Edvard Munch in 1893, this iconic Expressionist work depicts an agonizing figure with a gaunt face against an orange sky.
The Scream
Written in 1891 as the sequel to Noli Me Tángere, this political novel by José Rizal depicts the return of Crisóstomo Ibarra under the alias Simoun, an enigmatic jewel merchant seeking revolution.
El Filibusterismo
Belonging to the mammalian order Monotremata, this egg-laying mammal native to eastern Australia possesses a duck-like bill and webbed feet.
Platypus (or Echidna)
Signed in 1215 at Runnymede by King John of England, this historic charter limited the power of the monarchy and established early principles of due process.
Magna Carta
Famous for its near-perfect cone shape, this active stratovolcano in the Bicol Region of the Philippines is the country's most active volcano.
Mount Mayon
Formally known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, this massive stone structure in Rome hosted gladiatorial contests, public spectacles, and mock sea battles.
Colosseum
Before appearing as Princess Intan in Crazy Rich Asians, Kris Aquino starred as the protagonist Joy in this 2004 Filipino supernatural horror film, which became one of the highest-grossing Philippine films of its decade.
Feng Shui
A chemical element, this heavy metal has an atomic number of 79 and resists corrosion by most acids, except aqua regia.
Gold
Led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, this 1521 expedition achieved the first recorded European navigation across the Pacific, ending at Homonhon Island in this archipelago.
Philippines
Spanning Northern Africa over 3.6 million square miles, this is the world's largest hot desert, receiving under 10 inches of rain annually.
Sahara Desert
Published in Berlin in 1887, this Spanish-language novel written by Philippine national hero José Rizal exposed Spanish colonial rule in the East Indies.
Noli Me Tángere
Visayan indigenous class comprised the respected spiritual leaders and healers—predominantly women—who served as central figures in community faith, medicine, and ritual.
Babaylan (or Baylan)
Occurring primarily around tectonic boundaries, this specific subduction zone in the Pacific basin causes roughly 90% of the world's earthquakes.
Pacific Ring of Fire
Built in 1632 by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal, this ivory-white marble monument stands on the south bank of the Yamuna River in Agra.
Taj Mahal
Formed by the convergence of the Blue and White branches at Khartoum, Sudan, this longest river in Africa flows northward into the Mediterranean Sea.
Nile River
Painted in 1889 from a room at the Saint-Paul-de-Mausole asylum in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, this Post-Impressionist masterpiece by Vincent van Gogh features a swirling night sky over an idealized village.
The Starry Night
Pioneered by historian Dr. Zeus Salazar as an alternative to Eurocentric history, this historiographical framework advocates for writing Philippine history from a "bottom-up," internal perspective using native concepts, languages, and cultural logic (tayo-tayo).
Pantayong Pananaw