Alexanders World
This term refers to the export of Greek culture throughout the Near East, resulting in indigenous people adopting Greek language and ways of life.
What is Hellenization?
This Carthaginian general marched an army, including elephants, across the Alps to inflict defeats on the Romans during the Second Punic War.
Who is Hannibal?
This Greek god of medicine and healing had a popular healing cult throughout the Hellenistic world.
Who is Asclepius?
These brothers proposed reforms in the 2nd century BCE to redistribute public land to the landless poor and veterans.
Who are the Gracchi (Tiberius and Gaius)?
This historian wrote The Lives of Julius Caesar and the first eleven Roman emperors, often including scandalous gossip.
Who is Suetonius?
This Greek statesman and orator rallied Athens to oppose the rising power of Macedon under Philip II and Alexander the Great.
Who is Demosthenes?
The virtue of duty and respect to the gods, country, and family, a foundational Roman value.
What is Filial Piety?
These secret-keeping religious groups stressed rites of initiation and were popular in the Hellenistic world.
What are Mystery Religions?
This peninsula in West Asia, also known as Anatolia, was both the birthplace and center of early Greek thought.
What is Asia Minor?
This leader's ideology emphasized the restoration of traditional Roman values, ancestral piety, and a moral rebirth of society.
Who is Augustus (or Octavian)?
Philip II defeated the Greek city-states at this 338 BC battle, which led to Athens voting him honorary citizenship.
What is the Battle of Chaeronea?
The twin brother of Romulus, this man was killed in a dispute over the location of the future city of Rome.
Who is Remus?
This Egyptian goddess of magic and motherhood became popular throughout the Greco-Roman world as a protective mother figure.
Who is Isis?
This general sought consulship and a major military command, eventually defeating his rival Pompey in a civil war.
Who is Julius Caesar?
The legal, dictatorial commission formed by Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus to avenge Caesar's death and eliminate political enemies.
What is the Second Triumvirate?
The three major kingdoms Alexander's generals divided his empire into were the Ptolemaic, the Seleucid, and this one.
What is the Antigonid Kingdom of Macedon?
This Roman historian wrote the standard narrative of the Roman Republic, covering its history from its origins to his own time.
Who is Livy?
This general of Alexander took Mesopotamia and the East, founding the kingdom that bore his name.
Who is Seleucus?
This wealthy triumvir sought land for his veterans and validation for his Eastern conquests before being defeated by Caesar.
Who is Pompey (the Great)?
After his defeat at the Battle of Actium, this general lost power to Octavian and his alliance with Cleopatra led to his downfall.
Who is Mark Antony?
To unite Greek and Egyptian cultures, Ptolemy I created this composite god of the underworld, fertility, and healing.
Who is Serapis?
These massive estates in conquered territory used cheap slave labor and pushed smaller citizen-farmer businesses out, contributing to the Republic's instability.
What are Latifundia?
Upon Alexander's death, this general took control of Egypt, founding the last of the three Hellenistic kingdoms to fall.
Who is Ptolemy?
Formed in 60 BCE, this political alliance of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus aimed to dominate Roman politics by bypassing the Senate.
What is the First Triumvirate?
This man was the first Roman Emperor, ushering in the Pax Romana by transforming Rome from a republic to a vast imperial power.
Who is Augustus (or Octavian Caesar)?