Enzymes
What does the helicase do?
A: Unzips the double helix for DNA replication
What is the structure of DNA?
A: Double helix
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
A: To determine genetic outcomes
What is an insertion?
A: A mutation where a base or bases are added on
How many cells are made at the end of meiosis?
A: 4 haploid cells
What does the ligase do?
A: Glues okazawi fragments together
Sugars and phosphates make up the ____
A: DNA Backbone
What does each square of a Punnett square represent?
A: A possible genotype
What is a deletion mutation?
A: A mutation where a base or bases are removed
Why does crossing over occur in meiosis?
A: Genetic diversity
What does the DNA polymerase do?
A: Builds new nucleotide bases for creating a new strand of DNA
What does adenine match with?
A: Thymine
What is a phenotype?
A: An observable trait (i.e. height, eye color)
What is a mutation?
A: A change in genetic material.
What cells result from meiosis?
A: Sperm and egg cells (aka gametes)
What is the main function of enzymes?
A: Speeding up chemical functions
What does guanine match with?
A: Cytosine
What is a genotype?
A: genetic makeup
True or False: Mutations are always bad
A: False, mutations can be bad, good, or might not change anything
At what stage does crossing over occur in meiosis?
A: Prophase
What is the function of primase?
A: Signals where the DNA polymerase should start constructing the new DNA strand
What are the building blocks of DNA?
A: Nucleotide bases
Who made the Punnett square?
A: Reginald C. Punnett
What is a substitution mutation?
A: A nucleotide base is replaced by another nucleotide base
What are homologous pairs of chromosomes?
A: Chromosomes that are the same size and have the same types of genes in the same location