Introduction and Study of Learning
This is the definition of learning.
What is a change in behavior due to experience?
This is a stimulus that reliably elicits a conditioned response.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
Systematic desensitization is an application of Pavlovian conditioning often used in therapy to decrease this type of conditioned response.
What is fear?
These are the three components of the three-term contingency.
What are antecedent, behavior, and consequence?
Under operant conditioning theory, self-management occurs when a person uses a controlling response to change this type of behavior.
What is a controlled response?
This is a type of response that is innate within a species, and has a similar form, frequency, strength, and time of appearance across members of the species.
What is a reflex?
This is a response that is reliably elicited by an unconditioned stimulus.
What is an unconditioned response?
Sometimes one trial is enough for a neutral stimulus to become a conditioned stimulus. One example of this is when a food becomes associated with illness, resulting in this type of conditioned response.
What is taste aversion?
Based on early research by Thorndike and now known as the principle of reinforcement, this was the first theory of operant behavior.
What is the law of effect?
This type of self-management theory requires not only behavioral changes but also a decision to change the behavior.
What is cognitive theory?
This is what has occurred when a response to an antecedent weakens after repeated exposure to the antecedent stimulus.
What is habituation?
In this theory of Pavlovian conditioning, the conditioned stimulus becomes a substitute for the unconditioned stimulus by neurological pairing.
What is stimulus substitution?
Exposure to other groups in conjunction with being provided positive information about those groups is one way to retrain this higher-order conditioned response.
What is prejudice?
Because of the importance of timing, it is often the exact behavior occurring at the time of reinforcement that is strengthened. This is called what process.
What is the mechanical strengthening process?
When a person sets up contingencies so the controlled response has better access to reinforcement than other responses, it is because this type of contingency is present.
What are competing contingencies?
This is the type of research with the most trustworthy results.
What is experimental?
If a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without an unconditioned stimulus, this phenomenon is likely to occur.
What is extinction?
If the conditioned stimulus is a pink stuffed elephant that elicits happiness, after conditioning other pink fluffy objects may also elicit happiness, which is called this phenomena.
What is generalization?
A contribution of B.F. Skinner is a focus on behaviors that do not rely on antecedent stimulus conditions to occur, which is called this type of operant.
What is the free operant?
Setting an alarm to increase the likelihood of going on a run in the morning is this type of strategy.
What is a commitment stretegy?
This is the type of research method that relies on individual experiences, rather than well-controlled study of a phenomena.
What is anecdotal design?
Before it becomes the conditioned stimulus, it is called this type of stimulus.
What is a neutral stimulus?
This discipline utilizes well-established associations to elicit happiness to increase consumerism.
What is ads/marketing?
If a behavior is no longer followed by reinforcement, over time, the behavior will weaken, known as this phenomenon.
What is extinction?
During this phase of self-management, a person identifies contributing variables to why the controlled response is or is not happening.
What is self-evaluation?