Operant Condition: Reinforcement
Amelia's teacher let her take a break from work after completing a difficult assignment, increasing her work completion in the future. This is an example of this type of contingency.
What is negative reinforcement?
Eduardo talked out during is class, and his teacher reprimanded him, which led to him staying quiet during class. This is an example of this type of contingency.
What is positive punishment?
Who is Bandura?
Joey learned to raise his hand in class during kindergarten, and when he started 1st grade he also raised his hand in class, demonstrating this type of generalizaton.
What is generalization across time, or maintenance?
Forgetting, by definition, can also be called this seemingly opposite phenomenon.
What is learning?
Jameel's friends give him high fives after a home run, increasing his batting average over the season. This is an example of this type of contingency.
What is positive reinforcement?
This application of reinforcement reinforces successive approximations toward a terminal behavior.
What is shaping?
These are the most famous studies to explain how children might learn by observation.
What are the Bobo Doll studies?
Mariah's first phone was a Samsung, but during her last upgrade she switched to an iPhone. She was quickly able to learn how to use all the same functions on the new phone, demonstrating this type of generalization.
What is stimulus generalization?
The ethical principle of doing no harm is called this.
What is nonmaleficence?
This theory is used to predict when a specific response may happen relative to another response. It is most useful in predicting choice behavior.
What is Herrnstein's matching law?
Jordan stayed out past curfew, and her parents grounded her from her car for 3 weeks, and she did not miss curfew again. This is an example of this type of contingency.
What is negative punishment?
In this type of observational learning, the observer views an event consequences, but there is no "model."
What is asocial observational learning?
This is a tendency for behavior to occur in some situations but not in others, based on learning history. For example, you might use curse words with your friends but not in front of your parents.
What is stimulus discrimination?
One way to respect the rights and dignity of clients or research participants is to get their okay before starting, called this term.
What is informed consent?
Stimuli that meet basic needs, such as food, water, and shelter, are referred to as this type of reinforcer.
What is a primary reinforcer?
This theory of reinforcement that states a more-probably behavior can reinforce a less-probably behavior is sometimes called "grandma's law."
What is the Premack principle?
This theory of observational learning posits that imitative responses occur because of a history of being reinforced in similar situations.
What is generalized operant conditioning?
This is the result of an association between an antecedent stimulus and a response, often through a series of trials with reinforcement.
What is stimulus control?
This type of learning can reduce the likelihood of forgetting by making sure the information is practiced more than is needed.
What is overlearning?
A fixed interval schedule of reinforcement is in place if the first behavior after an interval is reinforced. For example, a rat has to wait 3 minutes, but after the 3 minutes if they push a lever, they are given food. This reinforcement schedule results in this unique pattern of responding.
What is a scalloped pattern?
These are procedures that are implemented to reduce the likelihood of a behavior, such as punishment, extinction, and more.
What are behavior decelerators?
This theory of observational learning posits that attentional, retentional, motor-reproductive, and motivational abilities must be present for observational learning to occur.
What is Bandura's theory of observational learning?
What is peak shift?
To measure forgetting, this process trains information and measures it in baseline, then waits a certain retention interval and measures again.
What is free recall?