Social Cognition, Stereotyping, and Biases
What is social cognition?
Social cognition is how we think about and understand others' thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.
What are the three components of an attitude?
Affective (feelings)
Behavioural (actions)
Cognitive (thoughts)
What is a social group?
A social group is made up of people who interact and share common interests.
What is sustained attention?
Sustained attention is the ability to focus on a task for a long period without getting distracted.
What is the difference between primary and secondary data?
Primary data is collected firsthand, while secondary data is information that has already been collected by others.
What is a stereotype?
A stereotype is an oversimplified belief about a group of people.
What is prejudice?
Prejudice is a negative attitude towards someone based on their group membership.
What type of power do police officers have?
Police officers have legitimate power because of their official role.
What is top-down processing?
Top-down processing is when we use our prior knowledge or expectations to understand new information.
What is quantitative data?
Quantitative data is numerical information that can be measured or counted.
What is the false-consensus bias?
The false-consensus bias is when we assume that most other people share our opinions and behaviours.
What is discrimination?
Discrimination is when someone is treated unfairly because of their group membership.
What is conformity?
Conformity is when a person changes their behaviour or beliefs to match the group.
What is a perceptual set?
A perceptual set is the tendency to perceive things in a certain way based on our experiences or expectations.
What does "robustness" mean in research?
Robustness means that the findings of a study are reliable and can be applied to other situations or groups.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The fundamental attribution error is when we explain someone’s behaviour by focusing on their personality instead of the situation.
What is the difference between prejudice and stigma?
Prejudice is a negative attitude, while stigma is the social rejection of someone based on their group.
What factors affect conformity?
Factors include group size, group unanimity, and how much pressure the group exerts on individuals.
What is spatial neglect?
Spatial neglect is when someone fails to notice objects or events on one side of their visual field, often due to brain injury.
What is random allocation in research?
Random allocation is when participants are randomly assigned to different groups to ensure fairness and reduce bias.
What is the anchoring bias?
The anchoring bias is when we rely too heavily on the first piece of information we get when making decisions.
What is an internal attribution?
An internal attribution explains behaviour based on a person’s traits or characteristics.
What is the difference between anti-conformity and independence?
Anti-conformity is actively opposing group norms, while independence is acting according to one’s own beliefs without opposing the group.
How does the intensity of colour affect taste perception?
The intensity of colour can influence our expectation of how sweet or strong a flavour will be.
What is the ethical guideline of integrity in research?
Integrity in research means being honest and transparent about the methods, findings, and potential conflicts of interest in a study.