Do you "Measure" up?
This measure of frequency is used when referring to EXISTING cases in a population
What is PREVALENCE?
In this type of study, the investigator assigns the exposure.
What is an experimental study?
This type of bias refers to who is in the study
What is selection bias?
What is one assumption of multiple linear regression
What is 1) linear outcome; 2) normally distributed errors 3) constant variance 4) no multicollinearity
One way in which a confounder is removed in the design phase of the study
This measure of frequency is used when referring to NEW cases in a population
What is INCIDENCE?
This is a type of study where participants are followed up over time to ascertain the occurrence of disease
What is a (prospective) cohort study?
Two of the most important criteria when determining an appropriate control group in a case-control study:
A) Controls have NO disease
B) Controls should come from a different source population from the case
C) Controls should come from the same source population as the case
D) Controls should be selected independently of their exposure
What are C & D?
TRUE or FALSE: In logistic regression the outcome must be continuous
What is FALSE
TRUE or FALSE: A confounder is associated with the exposure and the outcome
What is true?
This measure of association is used for fixed cohort studies
What is the cumulative incidence ratio (or difference)?
This is one of the measures of disease association used in an experimental study
What is cumulative incidence ratio/difference or incidence rate ratio/difference?
This type of bias refers to when cases are more likely to recall their exposures compared to controls
What is recall bias
TRUE or FALSE: The constant variance assumption must be verified for logistic regression
What is FALSE?
You wish to examine the relationship between shift work and cancer among nurses. Which is the best comparison group:
A) The general population
B) Hospital lab techs
C) Nurses who do not do shiftwork
What is C - Nurses who do not do shift work?
This measure of disease association is used in cross-sectional studies
What is Prevalence ratio (or difference)?
In this type of study (NEED NAME), the exposure and outcome are measured at the same time
What is a cross-sectional study?
This type of selection bias is more common in cohort studies
What is loss to follow up?
TRUE or FALSE: Pearson correlations are used for ordinal variables or when the data are not normally distributed and the sample size is small
What is false?
In this type of experimental study, both participants and investigators do not know the exposure status of the participants
What is a double-blind experimental study?
This measure of association is used in ecological studies
What is correlation?
In this type of study, exposures and outcomes are assessed using group-level measures
What is an ecological study?
This type of bias refers to when the exposure or outcome is associated with reasons for participation
What is volunteer bias?
TRUE or FALSE: For logistic regression, there must be a linear relationship between the continuous independent variable and the outcome
What is false?
You wish to examine the relationship between shift work and cancer among nurses. What describes the bias (wrong result) that could occur if the general population is used as a comparison group?
What is healthy worker effect?