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EVeryday EVents
Straight outta endosomes
I like Big Blebs
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CDAK Platform
100
  • This cell culture supplement is pretreated to minimize introduction of contaminating particles to conditioning media.
  • What is EV-depleted FBS?
100
  • Of this class of membrane-bending transmembrane proteins, CD63 is most highly enriched in exosomes.
  • What are tetraspanins?
100
  • These large EVs are released from cells undergoing programmed cell death.
  • What are apoptotic bodies?
100
  • Hardin, Heuser and Stahl first described release of exosomes from this endosome-derived organelle.
  • What is the multivesicular body?
100

This 99kD protein may run larger than it seems on an SDS-PAGE due to its extensive glycosylation. 

What is PTGFRN?

200
  • You have a need for speed if you want to separate large EVs, small EVs, exomeres and supermeres using this method.
  • What is differential centrifugation?
200
  • This ESCRT protein recognizes ubiquitinated proteins and targets them for incorporation into ILVs
  • What is Hrs?
200
  • Fragments and even wholly intact examples of this energy-producing organelle have been revealed inside various types of large EVs by electron microscopy imaging.
  • What are mitochondria?
200
  • Ectosomes are released by various cellular protrusions, including this microtubule-based antenna-like organelle.
  • What are cilia?
200

How BASP-1 anchors into the exosome lipid bilayer?

What is Myristylation?

300
  • This technology tracks the Brownian motion of individual particles to determine EV size and concentration.
  • What is Zetaview/nanoparticle tracking analysis?
300
  • The term “exosome” was first co-opted by this pioneer of the EV field, who once described her scientific journey as “Alice in Blunderland”.
  • Who is Rose Johnstone?
300
  • These uncommonly large EVs are associated with a highly metastatic “amoeboid” tumor cell phenotype.
  • What are large oncosomes?
300
  • Dying monocytes release apoptotic bodies via these unique tendrils, akin to strands of tiny pearls.
  • What are beaded apoptopodia?
300

An aliquot of a single pool of cells that generally has been prepared from a selected cell clone under defined conditions, dispensed into multiple containers, and stored under defined conditions.

What is a Master Cell Bank?

400
  • This EV purification method exploits the fact that, in suspension, some particles will sediment in a given solvent, while others will float
  • What is density gradient centrifugation?
400
  • Publishing within a week of each other in 1983, two independent studies of this transport protein led to the discovery of exosomes

What is the transferrin receptor?

400
  • Large ectosomes are formed through molecular rearrangements of the plasma membrane and this underlying structural network.
  • What is the actin cytoskeleton?
400
  • This electron micrograph depicts the cup-like shape of these endosomally-derived small EVs.
  • What are exosomes?
400

The most abundant lipid class in Codiak exosomes.

What is phosphoserine?

500
  • This laser-based fluidics analysis can define the surface markers present on individual EVs using lipophilic dyes and/or fluorescent antibodies.
  • What is flow cytometry?
500
  • The small GTPase Rab27a is required in exosome biogenesis at this step involving the MVB and the plasma membrane.
  • What is docking/fusion?
500
  • This ESCRT protein is recruited to the plasma membrane by ARRDC1 to generate small microvesicles called ARMMs.
  • What is TSG101?
500
  • These small but mighty molecules can hitch a ride in EVs to alter the gene expression profile of far-off recipient cells
  • What is miRNA?
500

The minimal sequence of this plug-and-play technology is: SRLEEELRRRLTE 

What is ALFA-Tag?