Human Nutrition
This macronutrient yields 4 kilocalories per gram and is the body’s preferred fuel during high-intensity exercise.
What are carbohydrates?
This graded exercise test variable represents the maximum amount of oxygen the body can utilize.
What is VO2 max?
This training principle states that the body adapts specifically to the demands placed upon it.
What is the SAID principle?
This condition is defined by resting blood pressure ≥130/80 mmHg according to current guidelines.
What is hypertension?
This anatomical plane divides the body into left and right halves.
What is the sagittal plane?
This fat-soluble vitamin functions as a hormone and plays a key role in calcium absorption and bone health.
What is vitamin D?
The Borg RPE scale commonly used in exercise testing ranges from these two numbers.
What is 6 to 20?
This type of muscle fiber is characterized by high force production and rapid fatigue.
What are Type llx fibers?
This class of medications lowers heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand in cardiac patients.
What are beta blockers?
This joint classification allows movement in two planes, such as the knee or elbow.
What is a hinge joint?
This condition results from insufficient iron intake and leads to decreased hemoglobin and oxygen transport.
What is iron-deficiency anemia?
This blood lactate accumulation point is often used to estimate endurance performance capacity.
What is the lactate threshold?
This variable of resistance training refers to the number of training sessions per muscle group per week.
What is frequency?
This pulmonary disease is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.
What is COPD?
This muscle action occurs when the muscle shortens while producing force.
What is a concentric contraction?
The acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for protein in adults is within this percentage range of total caloric intake.
What is 10-35%?
This equation is commonly used to calculate target heart rate using heart rate reserve.
What is the Karvonen formula?
This biomechanical term describes force multiplied by the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation.
What is torque?
This New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class describes symptoms during less-than-ordinary activity.
What is class III?
This law states that the force of muscle contraction is proportional to the number of motor units recruited.
What is the size principle?
This metabolic pathway breaks down fatty acids into two-carbon acetyl-CoA units for energy production.
What is beta-oxidation?
In clinical exercise testing, this ECG abnormality during exertion may indicate myocardial ischemia.
What is ST-segment depression?
This advanced training method alternates heavy resistance exercises with plyometric movements.
What is complex training?
This test measures lung volumes and airflow to assess respiratory function in clinical populations.
What is spirometry?
This gait phase begins when the foot contacts the ground and ends when it leaves the ground.
What is the stance phase?