Media Effects
This type of media effect, highlighted by Iyengar and Kinder, refers to the media's ability to influence the importance the public places on issues based on their prominence in the news.
Agenda-setting
____ is an educated guess about the relationship between two or more variables amenable to empirical testing.
Hypothesis
Which of the following presidential debates does Druckman explore?
Kennedy-Nixon 1960
Some people think that by criticizing leaders, news organizations keep political leaders from doing their job. Others think that such criticism is worth it because it keeps political leaders from doing things that should not be done. What percent of PLAP 3140 believes it keeps leaders from doing things they shouldn’t?
92%
Presidents can shape the news indirectly through appointments to the _______, an agency tasked with regulating the media.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
According to Iyengar and Kinder’s News That Matters, this effect shows how the media's coverage of issues can influence the standards by which people evaluate political figures.
Priming
Compared to lab experiments, field experiments have higher ________ , making it easier to generalize to real-world settings.
External validity
This phenomena discussed by Dunaway and Graber is the behavior of allowing political beliefs to dictate media choices in which citizens purposefully select pro-attitudinal messages and deliberately ignore counter-attitudinal messages.
Partisan-selective exposure
Chris Mooney argued for this type of storytelling.
Data humanism
True or False: Democrats trust a broader scope of media than do Republicans?
True
This early media theory suggests that audiences passively accept the messages they are exposed to, as if the media ‘injects’ information directly into their minds.
Hypodermic needle model
In a study examining the effect of media exposure on public opinion, this variable would represent the type or amount of media the participants are exposed to.
Independent variable
According to Dunaway and Graber, the relationship between the media and the president generally goes through three distinct phases. What is the initial phase referred to as?
The Honeymoon phase
Where did Michelle Jamrisko start her journalism career?
Kyoto News
Who was the first president to make use of Twitter as a tool for political communication?
Obama
This key element of experimental design helps researchers confidently say that exposure to the treatment, not pre-existing differences, caused the observed effect.
Randomization
In a study where researchers investigate whether social media use increases political polarization, this variable represents the level of polarization measured after exposure to social media.
Dependent variable
Which author(s) can be attributed to the following quote: “Facebook is the most pervasive and powerful catalyst of information pollution and destructive nonsense.”
Vaidhyanathan, Siva
What was CBS/Viacom fined in the wake of the 2004 Super Bowl halftime show?
$550,000
Are endorsements for presidential candidates newspaper outlets rising, staying the same, or declining?
Declining
What year represented a sharp break with longstanding patterns of partisan newspaper endorsements?
2016
Observational data from surveys are insufficient to make _______ inferences about the impact of the dependent variable on the independent variable.
Causal
Which author(s) conduct exit polls of Virginia voters?
Hayes and Lawless
In 1983 90% of American media was owned by 50 companies. By 2011, that same 90% was controlled by only _(#)_ companies.
6 (Comcast, Newscorp, Disney, Viacom, Time Warner, CBS)
Which of the following research methods has the highest internal validity: Content analysis, Case study, Survey experiment, Observational study.
Survey experiment