Freud & Piaget
What are Freud’s three parts of personality?
Id, Ego, Superego
How many stages are in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
3
How many stages of development did Erikson suggest?
8
Who argued that families pass on cultural capital (such as style of speech and knowledge)?
Pierre Bourdieu.
What do structuralists believe about society?
Society shapes and controls individuals through structures.
Which stage of Piaget’s development comes first?
Sensorimotor
Which stage of Kohlberg’s theory is about following rules because they are accepted?
Conventional
What is the stage for teenagers in Erikson’s theory?
Identity vs Role Confusion
According to Paul Willis, how do working-class boys use peer groups during adolescence?
They form their own subcultures that resist school norms.
What do interactionists believe about society?
Individuals are active, interpret norms, and influence social interactions.
In Freud’s theory, which part balances the id and superego?
Ego
Who criticised Kohlberg for being “male centric”?
Carol Gilligan
Give one example of “role confusion” in teenagers.
Not knowing what career or identity to pursue, switching peer groups frequently.
What did Stanley Cohen mean by moral panic in relation to the media?
The media exaggerates events, creating fear and labelling groups as folk devils.
Who suggested the “Looking Glass Self”?
Charles Cooley
Give one example of behaviour learned in Piaget’s concrete operational stage.
Logical reasoning, understanding rules, simple problem solving
According to Gilligan, boys are more focused on ______ and girls on ______.
Justice / Care
Which stage involves early adulthood and forming close relationships?
Intimacy vs Isolation
How does religion contribute to social solidarity, according to functionalists? Explain one way cultural capital can affect a child’s school success.
It binds people together through shared values and collective identity.
In Mead’s theory, what is the “generalized other”?
The wider expectations of society guiding behaviour.
Compare one similarity and one difference between Freud and Piaget.
Both explain development in stages; Freud focused on unconscious drives, Piaget on cognitive development.
Give one real-life example where Gilligan’s idea of care-focused morality might apply.
Deciding not to punish someone harshly because empathy suggests helping them instead.
How is Erikson’s view different from Freud’s?
Erikson focused on social and cultural influences across the whole life span; Freud focused on early childhood and unconscious drives.
Compare Thornton’s idea of youth culture with Cohen’s idea of moral panic. How do these show different ways the media influences young people?
Thornton = media helps create youth culture and literacy; Cohen = media creates fear, labelling and shaping behaviour negatively.
Compare structuralist and interactionist views of school rules.
Structuralist – rules enforce discipline and order. Interactionist – students interpret or bend rules differently depending on context.