Terms and Definitions
is a form of government in which citizens elected representatives to rule on their behalf
Republic
farmers, artisans, and merchants of Rome
This class is referred to as?
Plebeians
who founded the Byzantine empire and its capital city
Constantine , Constantinople
The most powerful and dominant tribe in Arabia
Quraysh
The Caliph who compiled and organized the Quran for the Ummah
Uthman ibn Affan
The heads of state. They commanded the army, convened and presided over the Senate and the popular assemblies and executed their decrees, and represented the state in foreign affairs
Consuls
200 years of Roman peace and prosperity. Often referred as Romes Golden Age
Pax Romana
who conquered Constantinople
Sultan Mehmed
Capital of the Umayyad Caliphate
Damascus, Syria
First Emperor of Rome and successor of Julius Caesar
Octavian/Augustus
golden age
political harmony, economic growth and cultural achivements
Three wars fought between Rome and Carthage in which Rome defeats and sacks Carthage
Punic Wars
official religion of Byzantine empire
Orthodox Christianity
Capital of the Abbasid Caliphate
Baghdad, Iraq
The split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church
The Great Schism
is a group of travelers, often in a line of vehicles or on a journey together, typically for safety, companionship, or shared resources during the trip
A caravan
a piece of land almost surrounded by water
Peninsula
A comprehensive legal system created during the Byzantine Empire
Justinian code
Abu Bakr Siddiq, Umar ibn Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib
Are referred to as?
Rashiden Caliphate
List 3 causes of the decline of the Byzantine Empire
1. Bubonic Plague
2. Economic Decline due to Constant Wars
3. Ottomans conquering Constantinople
Only members of the ____ class could hold positions in the Senate
Patrician
Senators wanted to return to the ideals of the Republic and feared that the senate would become obsolete
an architectural masterpiece, served as a cathedral, then a mosque, and is now a museum, showcasing Byzantine architecture.
Hagia Sophia
Most notable achievement of the Abbasid Caliphate
Founding the House of Wisdom in Baghdad
Abu Bakr Siddiq is the nickname of _____
Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafah