LSAT Basics
What does LSAT stand for?
What is ...
Law School Admissions Test
Name 3 topics of what the questions on the LSAT measure
What is ...
Name 4 premise indicators?
What is ...
Because, Since, for, Given that, Due to, After All
The Reading Comprehension section only has passages relating to legal studies.
True or False
What is ...
False
Is there a penalty for guessing or wrong answers on the LSAT?
What is ...
NO
What is the Score Range for the LSAT?
What is ...
120-180
All students who study consistently improve their test scores.
Maria studies consistently.
Therefore, Maria will improve her test scores.
The argument above is logically valid because it:
A) Assumes that all students want to improve their scores
B) Applies a general rule to a specific case
C) Confuses correlation with causation
D) Attacks a person instead of an idea
E) Draws a conclusion unrelated to the premises
What is ...
B. Applies a general rule to a specific case
Name 4 Conclusion Indicators?
What is ...
Therefore, Thus, Hence, So, Consequently, It follows that, Accordingly
Many law schools have begun incorporating technology-focused courses into their curricula. These courses address topics such as cybersecurity, digital privacy, and artificial intelligence. Supporters argue that because legal practice increasingly involves digital evidence and online platforms, law students must be trained to navigate technological issues effectively.
Question:
What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Artificial intelligence will replace lawyers in the future.
B) Law schools are adding technology courses because modern legal practice requires technological knowledge.
C) Cybersecurity is the most important subject in law school.
D) Digital privacy laws are constantly changing.
E) Law students prefer technology courses over traditional courses.
What is ...
B. Law Schools are adding technology courses because modern legal practice requires technological knowledge.
How many questions are there usually in a Reading Comprehension passage?
What is ...
between 5-8?
How many Sections does the LSAT consist of?
What is …
4
City officials claim that the new traffic law has reduced accidents because the number of reported car accidents has declined since the law went into effect. However, during that same time period, the city also experienced unusually severe winter weather that kept many drivers off the roads.
Which of the following, if true, most weakens the city officials’ argument?
A) The traffic law increased fines for speeding.
B) Many residents support stricter traffic regulations.
C) Severe winter weather significantly reduced the number of cars on the road.
D) Some drivers were unaware of the new traffic law.
E) The city has previously passed unsuccessful traffic laws.
What is ...
C. Severe winter weather significantly reduced the number of cars on the road.
Definition of A Premise?
What is ...
A statement that provides evidence or support for a conclusion?
Studying West African symbol systems may clarify some questions about the development of Egyptian hieroglyphics, a writing system that uses characters in the form of pictures. Two West African systems for writing, Nsibidi and Bamum, for example, may provide insights about hieroglyphics since they, too, form complex writing systems using picture signs. Nsibidi and Bamum differ in that the symbols for one, Bamum, were developed for the Bamum language while the symbols for the other, Nsibidi, are used in a multilingual area of southeast Nigeria among speakers of Ekoi, Igbo, and Ibibio.The histories of each, however, may shed some light on the development of Egyptian hieroglyphics.
Nigerian legend relates that the secrets of Nsibidi were revealed long ago to people by a species of large baboon. This legend, reminiscent of the divine baboon associated with Thoth, the patron of scribes in ancient Egypt, is important because divine inspiration for a language and its symbols is believed to protect both from subsequent changes. As for the significance of the baboon itself, since common beliefs about the same animal are unlikely to be pure coincidence, it would seem that either a specifically Egyptian belief found its way to eastern Nigeria or else an ancient and widely spread African belief was passed to Egypt. It is also possible that the Egyptian hieroglyphics themselves are grounded in previously existing African traditions of graphic symbolism.
With respect to Bamum, Sultan Njoya of Foumban, located near the traditional Nsibidi area, elaborated an independent and original writing system for the Bamum language about a century ago. Njoya initially asked his subjects to draw and name different objects. Njoya then used these pictures to create his first system of writing, containing 466 pictographic and ideographic symbols. He eventually reduced his system to 80 characters, each of which represented a syllable.Using his royal influence, Njoya finally carried his ideas to completion by establishing schools that used his system for reading and writing, by developing a system of printing, and by compiling history texts.
The history of Njoya's system raises the possibility that the form and sudden appearance of Egyptian writing may be explained in a similar way
—as the invention of a single person. The progress of a single inventor could have produced the complex structure of Egyptian writing in its earliest recorded form. Hypothetically, the hieroglyphics could have represented sounds rather than meanings from the start, never having gone through earlier stages of functioning solely as illustrations of corresponding objects. The meanings of these picture signs might thus never have been restricted to the original objects they portrayed. Just as Njoya is known to have been impressed, but not influenced, by the Arabic script, so an Egyptian inventor may have been stimulated by the slightly earlier invention of a quite different writing system in Mesopotamia.
1. Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main idea of the passage?
A. Nsibidi symbols are similar in form and function to Egyptian hieroglyphics and probably influenced the development of Egyptian pictorial writing.
B. The hypothesis that Nsibidi symbols and Egyptian hieroglyphics are closely related is supported by traditional accounts of the origins of the two systems and by the extreme improbability that hieroglyphics were invented by a single person.
C. The development of some West African writing systems may shed light on the history of the development of Egyptian hieroglyphics.
D. Njoya's invention of a pictographic system of writing provides a model of how hieroglyphics may have developed out of a system of West African pictorial symbols such as Nsibidi.
E. Recent evidence from West Africa suggests that Egyptian hieroglyphics did not originate as phonetic representations but developed out of earlier pictorial representations of objects related to Nsibidi symbols.
What is …
C. The development of some West African writing systems may shed light on the history of the development of Egyptian hieroglyphics.
Which Sections makes up the largest portion of the LSAT?
What is …
Logical Reasoning?
What is the purpose of the LSAT
What is ...
to help law schools evaluate applicants ability to think critically, analyze arguments, and read complex material-skills essential for legal education
Psychologist: Although studies of young children have revealed important facts about the influence of the environment on language acquisition, it is clear that one cannot attribute such acquisition solely to environmental influences: innate mechanisms also play a role. So, the most reasonable questions that ought to be studied is whether ________.
Which one of the following most logically completes the passage?
A. language acquisition can ever be fully explained
B. innate mechanisms are a contributing factors in language learning
C. language acquisition is solely the product of innate mechanisms
D. parents and peers are the most important influence on a. child's learning of a language
E. innate mechanisms play a more important role in language acquisition than a Childs immediate environment
What is ...
E. Innate mechanisms play a more important role in language acquisition than a Childs immediate environment
Definition of a Conclusion
What is ...
The main point or claim that the argument is trying to prove?
Passage A
A truly democratic electoral system will tend to produce governments that are equitable and responsive to all sections of the electorate, as well as stable and effective. In electoral systems that force each party to seek votes from all sections of the electorate, the parties' policies increasingly converge, and this broadens popular consensus around government policies. The result is an equitable government responsive to all interests.
Where there are several nonmajority political parties, as in some modern parliamentary democracies, it often occurs that a few parties form a coalition to produce the overall majority needed to govern. The electorate gets wide representation in government, but this does not ensure equitable policy outcomes. Thus, where there are three or four parties, each primarily responsive to a different population segment, the parties will tend to diverge in policy, even in coalition governments. The fact that a particular small segment is represented in the legislature by its own party, perhaps even proportionally to votes gained, generally does not produce government policies responsive to that segment's interests.
The chances of having equitable government are
increased by electoral systems that produce convergence in policy among parties. Furthermore, the more similar the parties are, the more easily a coalition can be formed and the more stable it will be, since there will be less disruption when, after an election, a former opposition party enters government.
Passage B
The electoral system of proportional representation (PR) is a good solution to two problems affecting some democracies: that most adults do not regularly vote, and that when they do, they have extremely limited policy choices. The PR principle, in essence, is that parties or blocs of likeminded voters should win seats in proportion to their share of the popular vote. In PR systems, voters in each electoral district or constituency are represented by several elected officials rather than just one, as in the winner-take-all, one-seat district system used in many places. Winner-take-all systems allow 51 percent of voters to win 100 percent of representation. In contrast, PR ensures that voters in the majority will earn a majority of seats but that voters in the minority also will earn their fair share of representation. Under PR, a party that wins 10 percent of the popular vote becomes critically significant—not, as in winner-take-all elections, virtually irrelevant.
In a winner-take-all system, political candidates who try to provide alternatives to the dominant parties are usually ignored, because winning 10 percent of the vote makes them at best "spoilers." Where a few parties are dominant, nonmajority parties are trapped in a vicious cycle of marginalization: many potential supporters will not want to waste their votes on sure losers and will vote instead for the candidate that they deem electable and least likely to significantly harm their interests. PR, on the other hand, would allow people to vote their views, not their fears, thereby breaking majoritarian parties' stranglehold on representation.
9. The author of passage A would most likely hold which one of the following views regarding a system that strictly adheres to the PR principle as it is characterized in passage B?
A - It is as close an approximation to what a true democracy should be as we are likely to produce.
B - It will not produce government that is as responsive to all interests as should be the case in a true democracy.
© It will lead to convergence of the policies of the various political parties, broadening the popular consensus around government policies.
D. Although it will likely produce an equitable government, it will not likely lead to a coalition government.
E. It will produce a more equitable, stable, and effective government than is found in winner-take-all systems.
What is …
B. It will not produce government that is as responsive to all interests as should be the case in a true democracy
Which one of the following, if true, most support the claim made in the last sentence of Hasina's argument?
Hasina: Our province has enacted new workplace standards to protect employees from repetitive stress injuries. The new law requires businesses employing at least nine workers to demand specific solutions for their problems. This law should be widely enforced. If it is, it will dramatically reduce the number of repetitive stress injuries in our province.
A. Most people in the province who experience repetitive stress injuries work for businesses that have at least nine employees.
B. Recently, public awareness of repetitive stress injuries has greatly increased, and consequently the incidence of repetitive stress injury is already going down.
C. Measures are now being taken that will guarantee the wide dissemination of information about this law, as well as its consistent enforcement.
D. Some of the largest businesses in the province have already voluntarily instituted standards similar to those of the new law.
E. The new law also contains measures that will increase the likelihood that people suffering from repetitive stress injuries will report those injuries to their employers and public health officials.
What is ...
A. Most people in the province who experience repetitive stress injuries work for businesses that have at least nine employees.
Name the three impacts of a high LSAT score.
What is ...
1. Increase chances of admission
2. Improve scholarship opportunities
3. Strengthen Competitiveness at highly ranked schools
If you have no keyboarding skills at all, you will not be able to use a computer. And if you are not able to use a computer, you will not be able to write your essays using a word processing program.
if the statements above are true, which one of the following must be true?
A. If you have some keyboarding skills, you will be able to write your essays using a word processing program.
B. if you are not able to write your essays using a word processing program, you have no keyboarding skills.
C. If you are able to write your essays using a word processing program, you have at least some keyboarding skills.
D. If you are able to use a computer, you will probably be able to write your essays using a word processing program.
E. If you are not able to write your essays using a word processing program, you are not able to use a computer.
What is ...
C. If you are able to write your essays using a word processing program, you have at least some keyboarding skills.
Identify the Premise(s)
Many critics argue that the city’s new zoning regulations will reduce housing affordability. However, these regulations primarily restrict large-scale luxury developments rather than multi-unit residential buildings. Since most new housing shortages stem from underdevelopment of moderately priced multi-unit complexes, the critics’ concerns are misplaced. Therefore, the new zoning regulations are unlikely to worsen housing affordability.
What is ...
1. These regulations primarily restrict large-scale luxury developments rather than multi-unit residential buildings.
2. Most new housing shortages stem from underdevelopment of moderately priced multi-unit complexes.
8. Both passages are concerned with answering which one of the following questions?
A. What democratic electoral model enables the fairest representation of a politically diverse electorate?
B. What democratic social practices promote governmental representation of public interests regardless of whether such interests are represented by organized political parties?
C. How is it possible to reconcile the need for widespread participation in democratic elections with the assumption that people should not be coerced into political participation?
D. How can a coalition of political parties with divergent interests govern effectively if none of those parties is supported by a majority of the electorate?
E. How can a political party promote the interests of a majority of voters without alienating voters who have interests that are antithetical to those of the majority?
What is …
A. Democratic electoral model enables the fairest representation of a politically diverse electorate
Identify the Conclusion
To induce commuters to take public buses and thereby relieve traffic congestions, Munville is considering raising the fees for downtown parking garages. Although raising parking fees would relieve traffic congestion, the city should not raise these fees. After all, commuting on the buses would be a major inconvenience for most commuters, since it is much slower and less reliable than driving.
What is ...
Although raising parking fees would relieve traffic congestion, the city should not raise these fees