The 4 Main Lobes
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: This lobe is responsible for processing sound and contains the auditory cortex: The _ Lobe.
Temporal
TRUE or FALSE: The Medulla controls non-essential, complex functions like juggling.
FALSE (The Medulla controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate)
IDENTIFY: The structure often called the "emotional center" because it controls fear and aggression.
Amygdala
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: The _ connects the two halves of the cerebrum, allowing them to communicate.
Corpus Callosum
MULTIPLE CHOICE: The Frontal Lobe handles planning, while the Occipital Lobe handles: A) Hearing, B) Vision, C) Touch.
B) Vision
IDENTIFY: Damage to this lobe is most likely to result in a change in personality or a difficulty with making decisions.
Frontal Lobe
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: The Pons helps regulate _ and serves as a bridge for communication between the cerebellum and the rest of the brain.
Breathing / Respiration / Sleep
TRUE or FALSE: The Hippocampus is the part of the brain that regulates hunger, thirst, and body temperature.
FALSE (The Hypothalamus regulates these; the Hippocampus forms new memories)
IDENTIFY: The collective name for the brain and spinal cord.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
DESCRIBE: Briefly, what is the key difference in function between the Cerebellum and the Basal Ganglia regarding movement control?
The Cerebellum handles balance and coordination, while the Basal Ganglia helps start and control smooth movement.
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: The Primary Somatosensory Cortex, located in the Parietal lobe, processes sensory information from the __.
Body / Skin / Muscles / Joints
IDENTIFY: This midbrain structure produces the neurotransmitter dopamine and is important for motor control; its degeneration causes Parkinson's disease.
Substantia Nigra
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: A key job of the Hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the _ system, mainly through the pituitary gland.
Endocrine
IDENTIFY: The embryonic division of the brain that develops into the Cerebral Cortex.
Telencephalon
TRUE or FALSE: The Sympathetic division of the PNS causes the heart rate to slow down, while the Parasympathetic division speeds it up.
FALSE (The Parasympathetic slows the heart rate; the Sympathetic speeds it up)
IDENTIFY: A soccer player is hit in the back of the head and has blurry vision. Which lobe was affected?
Occipital Lobe
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: The Reticular Activating System (RAS) is a network of neurons in the brainstem responsible for making the brain _ .
Wake Up / Alert / Conscious
IDENTIFY: The fiber bundle that connects the Hippocampus to the Hypothalamus.
Fornix
DEFINITION: What is the definition of Aphasia?
Difficulty or inability to speak or understand language due to brain damage.
COMPARE: Name one function that both the Frontal Lobe and the Temporal Lobe have in common.
Both are involved in Memory (Temporal Lobe contains the Hippocampus; Frontal Lobe contains working memory and retrieval).
IDENTIFY: The specific area of the Temporal Lobe responsible for the comprehension and understanding of written and spoken language.
Wernicke's Area
MULTIPLE CHOICE: The Red Nucleus and the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) are both found in the: A) Pons, B) Cerebellum, C) Midbrain.
C) Midbrain
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK: Besides memory, the Amygdala is heavily involved in the _ of fear.
Learning and Memory (Specifically fear conditioning)
IDENTIFY: This entire system includes the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions and is responsible for communication between the CNS and the body.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
DIFFERENTIATE: Explain the effect of damage to Wernicke's Area versus damage to Broca's Area on speech.
Damage to Wernicke's Area (Wernicke's Aphasia) leads to difficulty understanding language, while damage to Broca's Area (Broca's Aphasia) leads to difficulty producing speech.