Solid material formed by nature, not formed by living things
100
What is the name of the "supercontinent" that existed about 250 million years ago?
Pangæa
100
What is soil formed from and how is it formed?
Rocks, minerals, decaying plants & animals formed (small bits of weathered rocks mixed with organic materials from plants and animals) slowly over time
100
Name the type of rocks made from sediments and formed in layers over a long period of time(an example is sandstone).
sedimentary
100
What is erosion?
movement of weathered pieces of rock, when wind or water carries sediment away
If you were in the center of the Earth, what layer would you be in? What is it made up of?
Inner Core, solid hot ball of iron
200
How does soil support the growth of plants?
Provides them with nutrients (minerals, water, air) they need to grow
200
Name the type of rocks that are "changed" by great heat and pressure inside the Earth(like sandstone changing into quartzite).
metamorphic
200
What is weathering?
natural force breaks rocks into smaller and smaller types
300
What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs' Scale of hardness?
Diamond
300
What is the thin layer of the Earth called and what is it made up of?
Crust, made up of rock & soil (mostly granite, underground pools and rivers, oil, basalt, magma)
300
What are the three levels of soil?
Topsoil
Subsoil
Bedrock
300
What kind of rock is formed by lava or magma (molten rock) being cooled and becoming solid (examples- granite and obsidian)?
igneous
300
What are the types of weathering?
breaking, running water, wind, frost cracking, chemical weathering, reaction with oxygen, organisms
400
What tests are used to find out the kind of mineral?
Moh's Scale for Hardness, Streak test, acid test, looking at color, luster
400
The Earth's crust is theorized to be separated into many pieces or plates (like a broken eggshell).
Name this theory and explain what happens.
Plate tectonics, crash together to form mountains, separate to form new land/volcanoes, move sideways against each other to create earthquakes
400
Explain what type of grains sandy soil and clay soil have.
Sandy soil has fine tightly packed grains, clay soil has large loose grains
400
Where can you find igneous rocks?
around volcanoes
400
What are types of erosion?
Water, wind, ice, and gravity.
500
Can more than one mineral share the same properties?
No, each mineral has its own set of properties. No two minerals have the same set of properties.
500
What is the Ring of Fire?
Over 430 active volcanoes in world with over half of them encircling the edges of the Pacific Ocean, edges of the tectonic plates
500
What is the best type of soil for growing most plants?
topsoil
500
Which type of rock has layers?
Sedimentary Rocks
500
Explain the rock cycle.
Never ending process, igneous forms from magma or lava, weathering breaks igneous into sediments & then under great heat and pressure inside the earth's crust igneous and sedimentary rocks are changed int a new form of metamorphic