IMMIGRATION, EXCLUSION, & RESISTANCE
In 1919, workers in this city shut down nearly all economic activity in a coordinated strike.
What is the Seattle General Strike?
This management system, developed in the early 20th century, used time–motion studies to transfer control of work from workers to managers.
What is scientific management?
Founded in 1905, this union sought to organize all workers into “One Big Union.”
What is the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)?
In 1917, a multiracial group of tenant farmers launched this antiwar uprising, blowing up oil pipelines and bridges in southeastern Oklahoma.
What is the Green Corn Rebellion?
This system paid workers by the piece rather than by the hour, intensifying exploitation in garment factories.
What is piece work?
This term describes the coerced removal of Mexican immigrants and U.S. citizens of Mexican descent during the Great Depression.
What is repatriation?
This process breaks skilled labor into simplified tasks, reducing worker autonomy and bargaining power.
What is deskilling?
This IWW leader traveled throughout the West, attending secret midnight meetings of miners who were too frightened to greet an organizer by daylight. He famously said: "It is better to be a traitor to your country than a traitor to your class."
Who is William “Big Bill” Haywood?
This 1917 vigilante action forcibly deported over 1,000 striking miners from an Arizona town.
What is the Bisbee Deportation?
In this production system, common in the garment industry, middlemen took orders from larger companies, subcontracted by the piece to home-based or factory workers.
What is the sweating system?
In 1867, along a stretch of track from Cisco to Truckee, CA, 3,000 migrant workers laid down their tools in a strike calling for shorter working hours and wage parity with White workers.
What is the Railroad Chinese Strike?
Employers used this tactic to increase output by intensifying the pace of work without raising wages.
What are speed-ups?
This IWW organizer and feminist led free speech fights in the West and became known as “the Red Flame."
Who is Elizabeth Gurley Flynn?
During the First Red Scare, this Justice Department campaign targeted radicals and immigrants.
What are the Palmer Raids?
In 1909–10, tens of thousands of immigrant women launched this mass strike in New York’s garment industry.
What is the Uprising of the 20,000?
This 1887 strike, organized by the Knights of Labor, ended in White vigilante violence dubbed the "Thibodaux Massacre."
What is the 1887 Sugar Cane Strike?
This concept describes negotiations between workers and employers over wages, hours, and conditions.
What is collective bargaining?
The IWW rejected this traditional labor strategy in favor of direct action and solidarity across trades.
What is craft unionism?
These two Italian anarchists were executed in 1927 amid widespread claims of political bias.
Who were Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti?
This young immigrant organizer delivered a fiery speech that helped spark the 1909-1910 garment worker strike.
Who is Clara Lemlich?
This late-19th-century period was marked by extreme inequality, corporate power, and violent labor conflict.
What is the Gilded Age?
The Progressive era ideal that the democratic principles and tenets of the American constitution should apply to issues of labor and industry
What is industrial democracy?
Federal repression of the IWW during World War I relied heavily on this law, which made it a crime to speak or write ill of the government or military.
What is the Sedition Act of 1918?
This 1911 factory fire exposed the deadly consequences of unregulated industrial labor.
What is the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire?