Natural Selection/Adaptation/Evolution
What is an adaptation?
A physical or behavioral characteritstic that helps an organism survive in its environment.
Bob is a male - he has dominant brown eyes (B). His genotype is heterozygous.
Pam is a female - she has recessive blue eyes (b). Her genotype is homozygous.
Make a Punnett Square
50percent blue eyes and 50 percent brown eyes
What is genetics?
The study of heredity.
Define Homozygous
Having two of the same alleles with the same traits on a gene.
Tara finds a fossil. What does she need to determine which era the fossil is from?
Geologic Time Scale
Type of fossil
Age of the soil, rock or fossil
A process that causes an organism to change over short and long periods of time. Over a long time the organism could change into another type of organism.
What is evolution?
Mary has a recessive smooth chin (c) and is homozygous for this trait.
Sam has a dimpled chin and is homozygous for this trait (C).
What are the probabilities of each of the children?
All the children have dimpled chins and they are a heterozygous. 100% dimpled chins.
What is heredity?
The passing of traits from one generation to the next generation.
Define genotype.
The genetic makeup of an individual organism.
If a bird has a beak that changes over time to adapt to the environment the bird's beak is said to have ___________.
Evolved
What are long beak, grey color, short wings that help a bird catch food.
Physical adaptations.
Wendy has blue eyes.
Bob has dominant brown eyes. His genotype is homozygous.
Make a Punnett Square - what are the probabilities for the children?
100% are heterozygous brown.
What is a hybrid or heterozygous trait?
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait. They are heterozygous for a given trait and the dominant trait shows up.
Define heterozygous
Having two different alleles with different traits on a gene.
If there is a genetic disease in your family. Select the two answers that would apply.
Everyone is contagious and has the disease
Some people are carriers of the disease
Some people have the disease and are carriers of the disease
Some people are carriers of the disease
Some people have the disease and are carriers of the disease.
What is natural selection?
A process which selects the best suited characteristics that help an organism survive in its environment.
Dad is dominant with a square head. He is heterozygous. Use letter S dominant square head and letter s recessive round head.
Mom is recessive with a round head. She is homozygous recessive.
Make a Punnett Square and determine the probabilities.
50% are homozygous round head
50% are heterozygous square head
50% have square heads
50% have round head
What is a Karyotype and why is it used?
A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs. Created by cytogenetist to determine problems with a persons chromosomes. Given to a doctor so the doctor can determine treatment.
Define phenotype
The physical appearance of an organism.
A paramecium can perform these types of reproduction.
Asexual and sexual reproduction
An organism that lives in a niche is in direct competition with other species. True or False
False
Mom has recessive blue eyes which are recessive to brown eyes. Use B for Brown and b for blue
Dad also has blue eyes.
Make a Punnett Square - What are the probabilities for the children?
100 percent blue eyes
What is a purebred or homozygous organism?
Offspring of many generations that have the same traits.
Dominant allele and recessive allele
Dominant allele masks the traits of the recessive allele on a gene. On a gene when both the alleles are the recessive type the recessive trait is observed.
When a paramecium reproduces from a two parents (sexual reproduction) is the new paramecium identical or similar to the parents?
The new paramecium is similar to the parents.