Licensing
Licenses must be obtained for these two parts of music.
Musical work (composition) and sound recording (master)
ASCAP, BMI, and SESAC are these types of organizations.
PROs
This is a pre-payment of royalties before any money is made from the work.
Advance
This party assumes (all or most) of the financial risk for a live performance.
Promoter
This party is the middle man between the label and retailer.
Distributor
This term in an agency contract stipulates that if an agent moves to a different agency, the artist may “follow” the agent to the new agency.
Key Person Clause
This party is responsible for obtaining the license for a live performance.
Venues
These are the two major musicians' unions for singers and instrumentalists.
In the late 19th/early 20th century, the growing popularity of piano rolls established a need for this type of royalties.
Mechanical
This is a deal where an artist receives either a guarantee or a percentage of the box office.
Versus deal
This person is responsible for scouting talent for labels, as well as managing aspects of the artists' recording process.
A&R person
In a work-made-for-hire agreement between a songwriter and their employer, this party automatically owns the rights to any songs the songwriter writes as part of their job.
Employer
In this type of license, the licensor grants permission for only the specific work mentioned in the license.
Work-by-work license
This is set of negotiated rules that an employer must follow when employing union members.
Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA)
ASCAP, BMI, and SESAC pay royalties to these two parties.
Songwriter and Publisher
A promoter should get this from an artist before both parties sign the final contract.
Rider
This term refers to music that has been released for 18 months or more.
Catalog
This term refers to a nonpaid marketing function that includes press releases, providing news outlets with audio/video clips, generating news coverage by making artists available for press interviews.
Publicity
In copyright and licensing, “breach of contract” is the violation of this type of license.
Voluntary
This act was passed by Congress to aid live venues during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Save Our Stages Act
This party determines the statutory rate, aka the royalty rate paid under a compulsory license. This is re-evaluated every 5 years.
The U.S. Copyright Royalty Board (CRB)
This is the largest concert promotion company nationwide, with a (pre-COVID) revenue of over 11.5 billion dollars.
Live Nation
receive 5% or less of the overall market share, and/or labels that operate independently with distributors
This party pays a songwriter their share of mechanical royalties for their compositions.
Publisher
This term refers to a work based on preexisting work, resulting in a new product that is recast, transformed, or adapted.
Derivative work
SoundExchange pays what type of royalties to artists?
Performance royalties from the musical works
If a producer’s contract includes royalties for the project, their royalty rate is typically deducted from this.
Artist's "all-in" rate
A promoter should generally estimate a show's attendance through this figure.
60% house capacity
If a label is a signatory label with SAG-AFTRA or AFM, and they acquire ownership of masters from a non-signatory label, they are required to do this.
retroactively pay any union contributions and/or union-scale wages to musicians from when the recording was made
An artist is most likely to give “power of attorney” to this member of their team.
Manager
This is the term that refers to the "content" that licenses must be obtained for.
Intellectual property
In this year, the first copyright act was enacted which provided exclusive right over reproductions of musical works through mechanical devices.
1909
These are the three categories of royalties related to the recording industry.
Performance, Mechanical, and Synchronization
This term refers to the amount where a live show's revenue has exceeded expenses and promoter profit.
Split point
Major labels typically deal with distribution this way.
They have their own distribution divisions in-house.
An agent's job is to do this.
Procure employment for the artist.