Artists, Labels, and Agreements
This type of label employee is responsible for discovering and signing talent, as well as acting as a liason between the artists and label staff after they are signed.
A&R person
Over 80% of recorded music revenue comes from this.
Streaming
These are the three phases of record production that happen "in the studio" between pre- and post- production.
Tracking, editing, and mixing
These are the two primary revenue models for on-demand streaming.
Paid subscription and ad-supported
Billboard began publishing the first national charts in this decade.
1930s
In most record deals, this party will receive copyright ownership of the masters.
The label
This term refers to data attached to a sound recording that identifies genre, title, artist name, year, and other information about the song.
Metadata
A producer will generally receive the second half of their advance after this point in the production process.
After the label accepts the master
This term refers to the proportion of subscribers canceling a streaming service per month.
Churn rate
Beginning in the early 90’s, this company compiled record sales data from retailers by using the data captured by POS systems from scans of UPCs on records.
Soundscan
This type of record deal grants the label rights to receive/manage additional portions of an artist's income and career besides their recordings.
Multi-rights (360) deal
This entity serves as the middle party between the label and the retailer.
Distributor
A producer's royalty rate, typically deducted from the artist's "all-in" rate, is generally referred to as this.
Point
Most streaming services follow this type of model, which calculates payout for each artist based on overall streams vs. total number of streams.
Pro rata
Today, consumption data in the music industry is measured not through a “data sample method”, but instead through this.
Data census method
SAG-AFTRA and AFM require labels that they have agreements with to do this when they acquire masters from a non-signatory label.
Retroactively pay musicians on the record to union scale
CDBaby and Distrokid are examples of this type of service, often used by independent or DIY artists
Digital aggregator/Digital distribution service
This type of label employee may be assigned to keep track of a record's overall budget and money flow on a day-to-day basis.
A&R person
App platforms, such as Google Play or the Apple App Store, may have this type of rule that prevents apps from having buttons that direct users to anything other than in-app purchases.
Anti-steering rules
This platform, which we reviewed in class, provides market-level data about artists, playlists, charts, and radio airplay in a user-friendly dashboard-style platform.
Chartmetric
This service pays the record label royalties from noninteractive streaming.
Soundexchange
This term refers to how streams and track sales are converted into the equivalent of an album sale for charting and data purposes.
Album Equivalent Units
A music video of a typical radio single-length song (3-5 mins) is referred to as this type of video.
Short-form video
On-demand streaming services in the US pay these three types of royalties for each stream on their service.
Performance royalties for the musical works, mechanical royalties for the musical works, mechanical royalties for the sound recording
These two organizations provide year-end data reports on the music industry that we have reviewed in class.
Luminate and RIAA