D3.1 Reproduction & Meiosis
This type of cell division produces haploid gametes.
What is meiosis?
These are different forms of the same gene.
What are alleles?
This is a change in the DNA sequence
What is a mutation?
Mutations increase this within a population.
What is genetic variation?
During sexual reproduction, this event combines two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote.
What is fertilisation?
This term describes the observable characteristics of an organism.
What is phenotype?
This mutation changes one nucleotide into another.
What is a substitution mutation (SNP)?
This type of inheritance produces an intermediate phenotype.
What is incomplete dominance?
This event during meiosis exchanges DNA between homologous chromosomes.
What is crossing over?
This inheritance pattern occurs when both alleles are fully expressed.
What is codominance?
This type of mutation shifts the codon reading frame.
What is a frameshift mutation?
This statistical test compares observed and expected genetic ratios.
What is the chi-squared test?
Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis is called this.
What is non-disjunction?
This blood group has genotype ii.
What is blood group O?
This bacterial defence system is now widely used in gene editing.
What is CRISPR-Cas9?
These genes are inherited together because they are located close together on the same chromosome.
What are linked genes?
This process explains the random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs in meiosis I.
What is independent assortment?
This type of inheritance explains traits controlled by many genes, such as skin colour.
What is polygenic inheritance?
These mutations can be passed on to offspring.
What are germline mutations?
A mutation allowing adults to digest lactose spread through some human populations due to this mechanism of evolution.
What is natural selection?