DNA Structure
The shape of DNA
What is a double helix?
Three parts that make up a single nucleotide.
What is sugar, phosphate, and base?
The process of copying DNA is called ___
What is replication?
A gene is _______________ .
What is a section of DNA, codes for a trait?
The enzyme that adds nucleotides to a DNA template during DNA replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
The four bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder
What are adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine
(A, T, G, C)
The sides of the DNA ladder are made of this.
What is sugar and phosphates?
A mutation is a __________ in the DNA sequence of a gene.
What is a permanent change or alteration?
The three letter code that translates nucleic acid sequence to protein sequence.
What is a codon?
An enzyme that uses DNA as a template to synthesize RNA during the process of transcription.
What is RNA polymerase?
The base-pairing rules.
What is Chargaff's rule, A binds to T and G binds to C.
Replication is called "semi-conservative" because half of the original strand is _____.
What is saved, or one strand found in each of the new copies?
Type of mutation found in the following sequence.
DNA sequence AUG GCC AAA CCT
mutation AUG GCC AAC CT
What is a deletion mutation?
Phenotype refers to the _______ of an individual
What is physical appearance or traits
The enzyme the unzips the DNA during replication.
What is helicase?
Sugar found in DNA.
What is deoxyribose?
Compare the location of DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
What is the nucleus for eukaryotes, floating in the cytoplasm for prokaryotes?
Explain why a mutation in the body cells (somatic cells) is not passed onto offspring.
What is only mutations in the DNA of gametes will be passed on to offspring.
Example: UV radiation can cause mutations that lead to skin cancer, but this is not passed on to offspring since it happened in skin cells.
Genotype refers to the _______ for an organism.
What is the alleles (or two gene variants) that an individual carries for a specific gene?
The combination of genes; one gene from each parent.
The enzyme that corrects errors during DNA replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
Two scientists that established the structure of DNA.
Who are Watson and Crick? Let's not forget Rosalind Franklin.
List at least three ways that RNA is different from DNA.
What is uracil, ribose, and single strand.
Also acceptable responses - location in the cell, RNA carries the message while DNA codes it.
List two ways that mutations can be introduced into DNA.
What is:
1. random errors during DNA replication.
2. mutations that arise from environmental factors (radiation, toxins)
AA x Aa
If A is the dominant allele, the percentage of offspring that will express the recessive phenotype.
What is none, 0 out of 4, or 0%.
RNA is necessary to act as a messenger because _______.
What is DNA does not leave the nucleus?