Terms
Incorporation of genetic material from one population to another through hybridization
The amount of time long ago that interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans occurred
What was 37,000-86,000 years ago?
Neanderthal ancestry is particularly deficient in genes highly expressed in this male-specific organ.
Testes
This is the population that is currently known to have the least amount of Neanderthal ancestry
What is Sub-Saharan-African
A set of DNA variations/polymorphisms that tend to be inherited together
What is a haplotype?
The percentage of modern human DNA that contains Neanderthal genes
What is 0-2%?
This autoimmune disease is associated with Neanderthal-derived alleles
What is lupus?
Neanderthal ancestral genes are associated with affecting this type of filament
What is Keratin?
The frequency at which genetic material is exchanged during reproduction, influencing how Neanderthal DNA is distributed in human genomes.
What is Recombination Rates
The Neanderthal introgression map reveals Neanderthal ancestry as high as this percentage in east-Asian populations
What is 62%
Neanderthal alleles still shape human biology, including risks for this metabolic disease
What is type 2 diabetes
The name of Neanderthals that's genome was used as a reference for this study. (Named after mountain)
What is Altai Neanderthal genome?
A machine learning model that combined three criteria to detect Neanderthal DNA
What is Conditional Random Field (CRF)?
This is the mean Neanderthal ancestry in Africans, highlighting its minimal presence in these populations.
What is 0.08%
Neanderthal genetic variants have been linked to this inflammatory bowel disease
What is Crohn's disease
There are “deserts” of Neanderthal ancestry in certain genome regions, likely due to this
Negative Selection
A single base changes in a nucleotide sequence
What are Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP)?
The lesser proportion of Neanderthal genes on the X-chromosome when compared to autosomal chromosomes
What is 1/5 or 20%?
These three diseases are at a higher risk if you have more neanderthal genes.
Type 2 diabetes, Crohns disease, and lupus
The evidence that could explain why East-Asians may have had less efficient selection in removing neanderthal alleles compared to Europeans
What is Population size (East Asian populations have been smaller than Europe)