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Languages
Dialects
Language Acquisition
Language Disorders
Stuff
100
How may different languages are spoken worldwide?
There are over 6000 different languages spoken in the world.
100
What are the 3 major dialect areas?
Northern Midland Southern
100
What have all cultures evolved around?
People Objects and Events
100
What is the difference between dialects and language disorders?
Dialects = everyone can understand it Language disorders = language different enough that it significantly interfers with communication.
100
What does SAE stand for?
Standard American English
200
What is the difference between bilingualism and multilingualism?
Bilingualism = the speaker speaks 2 languages Multilingualism = the speakere speaks more than 2 languages The difference is the number of languages spoken.
200
How many distinct regional dialects does the US have?
There are at least 10 regional dialects in the US.
200
Who is a successive acquisition language learner?
A person who learns a primary language, then after 3 years old,learns a second language
200
A child whose language is disordered is also what?
At risk for development in those other domains that are coupled to language: Motor domain Cognitive domain Social domain
200
What is style shifting? Give an example.
Speaker alternates between using devices and styles of 2 dialects. Example: He drank a soft drink at lunch and had pop again for dinner.
300
Variations in language may occur in what 4 domains? Define them.
Phonological = sound systems Semantic = meaning of language (vocabulary) Syntatic = word order Pragmatic = the social rules of language
300
What is the difference between dialects and idiolects?
Dialects are collective use of a variant of the primary language used by a group of people. Idiolects are unique words, phrases and devices, used by an individual, as long as the message is understood.
300
What do we need to consider when evaluating the effects of bilingualism for children's language development?
Implication for language development Effect on Educational Adjustments Effect on Societal Adjustments
300
What is the difference between organic and functional language disorders?
Organic language disorders = associated with physiological causes such as brain damage or hearing loss (Ideologies that are congenital) Functional language disorders = disorders that have no apparent organic basis.
300
Give examples of the symphony of diversity we might hear in traveling around the US.
New Yorkers /r/ inserted nto word ending with vowel when followed by a word beginning with a vowel. i.e. Cubar is near Floridar's Atlantic Coast Southerners neutralize vowels that precede a nasal consonant. i.e. been-bin, pen-pin
400
What variables are children's individual development based on?
Biological foundations Motor capacities cognitive abilities Social opportunities to learn fro their interactions
400
What influences dialect?
Variations in geographic areas Groups who have become sociall homogenous Socioeconomic status Shared ethnicity
400
What are the 3 stages of simultaneous acquisition?
Initially vocabulary is mix of individual non-overlapping words Sort out words in both languages Sort vocabulary and grammar systems
400
Define Intervention.
Intervention is arranging treatment factors in an individual's environment to facilitate language learning. When a professional assist those who interact with a child to facilitate language development.
400
In learning a second language, what 4 broad principles apply?
Understanding preceeds expression Comprehension intitially relies heavily on curs in the here-and-now Simple to complex Interactive preceeds decontextualized language
500
Give an example of code switching. Is it indicative of a language deficit?
Speaker unknowingly inserts elements of one languge into another. i.e. The kitchen in in la casa. No it is not a deficit.
500
What are Speech-Languge Pathologist, Audiologists, Otorhinolaryngologist, Neurologist, Psychologist and Child Development Specialist? In what way are they important?
SLP = specialist trained in id, assessment and Tx of human communication disorders. Audiologist=specialist trained in id, assessment and Tx of hearing disorders. Otorhinolaryngologist = Med. practitioner specializing in Tx ear, nose and throat. Neurologist =Med. practitioner specializing in evaluating and Tx of brain function Psychologist = professional who evaluates and Tx emotional disorders Child Development Specialist= professional specializing in evealuating child development and counseling parents. Each play a specific role in providing intervention to children with language disorders. Each professional involved address specific goals to meet the need of each child.
500
What are the 3 stages of successive acquisition?
Interact with each other rather than inform Press self to communicate in 2nd language (all same words drawn on, but may be incorrect) can communicat while attending details of correctness
500
When we say intervention should be a multifacted process, what does that mean?
Intervention involves the significant people in the settings where the child must communicate. Intervention should be coordinated process of determining individualized goals for the specific needs of each child
500
What is the difference between standardized and nonstandardized assessments?
Standardized assessments evaluate language abilities using formal test instruments (normative data) Nonstandardized assessments evaluate language abilities through informal procedures (natural language examples, etc)