Group dynamics
This group can be thought of as the combination of a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group.
What is a carboxyl group?
The structural polysaccharide found in the shells of insects and crustaceans
What is chitin?
Negative charges are to electrons as positive charges are to ________.
What are protons?
Chemical bonds that form when an electron is transferred from one atom to another
What are ionic bonds?
Chemical bonds involving the sharing of electrons
What are covalent bonds?
Unlike the other functional groups discussed in Chapter 3, these groups are nonpolar.
What are methyl groups?
The three-letter suffix following the names of most sugars, such as gluc___, fruct___, and malt___
What is -ose?
Starch is to plants as ________ is to animals.
What is glycogen?
These weak bonds are responsible for the surface tension of water.
What are hydrogen bonds?
In an experiment, the experimental group is compared to this group.
What is the control group?
This bond forms when the amino group of one amino acid bonds with the carboxyl group of another.
What is a peptide bond?
While cellulose is a structural polysaccharide, starch is a ________.
What is a storage polysaccharide?
RNA is to ribose as DNA is to ________.
What is deoxyribose?
Proteins that help to break and form chemical bonds
What are enzymes?
The main compound responsible for ocean acidification
What is CO2?
A nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, deoxyribose, and this functional group.
What is a phosphate group?
The two trademarks of sugar
Acids are to H+ as bases are to ________.
What is OH-?
Carbon, with 6 electrons total, has this many electrons in its valence shell.
What is 4?
The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together
What is cohesion?
A fatty acid is composed of a hydrocarbon chain and this functional group.
What is a carboxyl group?
Counting from the carbonyl-end of the carbon skeleton of glucose, the oxygen on this carbon bonds to carbon 1 to form a ring.
What is carbon 5?
Monosaccharides are to polysaccharides as amino acids are to ________.
What are polypeptides?
This scale describes the relative electronegativity of elements.
What is the Pauling scale?
Organic molecules that bind to enzymes to aid in catalysis
What are coenzymes? (also acceptable: What are cofactors?)