The Basics
A network of billions of cells in the brain and the body responsible for all aspects of what
we feel, think, and do.
Nervous system.
These are branchlike extensions of the neuron with receptors that detect information from other neurons.
Dendrites.
This phase occurs when neurons pass signals to receiving neurons.
Transmission phase.
This part of the brain controls basic functions like heart rate, breathing, and swallowing.
Medulla.
This area of the brain regulates functions of internal organs and bodily functions and governs basic drives like hunger and thirst.
Central nervous system (CNS).
This is the site of communication between neurons through neurotransmitters.
Synapse.
These are chemical substances that carry signals from
one neuron to another.
Neurotransmitters.
This area of the brain assists in making voluntary movements and initiating movement.
Substantia nigra.
This area of the brain receives all incoming sensory information before information reaches the cortex.
Thalamus.
All nerves not part of the CNS.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS).
This is the long, narrow outgrowth of a neuron that enables it to transmit information to other neurons
Axon.
This phase occurs when neurons assess the incoming signals
Integration phase.
This area of the brain plays a role in sleep, arousal, and coordinating movements between the left and right sides of the body.
Pons.
This area is the outer layer of the forebrain and is divided into two hemispheres.
Cerebral cortex.
Cells that receive, integrate, and transmit information in the nervous system.
Neurons.
This is the part of the neuron where information from
thousands of other neurons is collected and integrated.
Cell body.
This phase occurs when neurons receive signals from neighboring neurons.
Reception phase.
This disease is caused by the death of substantia nigra cells.
Parkinson's.
This area of the brain is associated with the formation of memories and is important for navigating our environments.
Hippocampus.
These are the three functions of the nervous system.
Receive sensory input, process the information in the brain, and respond to the information.
These are the parts of the neuron at the end of the axon(s) that release chemical signals from the neuron into the synapse.
Terminal buttons.
This process involves reabsorbing neurotransmitters
into the presynaptic neuron.
Reuptake.
This area of the brain coordinates movement and maintains balance.
Cerebellum.
This area of the brain is responsible for processing emotional stimuli, especially fear and increasing memory processing during times of emotional arousal, such as learning to associate things with emotional responses.