Name That Tremor!
This type of tremor improves with voluntary movement but worsens at rest.
What is a resting tremor?
This early nonmotor symptom often appears years before motor signs.
What is constipation (or hyposmia/anosmia)?
Parkinson disease is primarily diagnosed using this method.
What is a clinical evaluation?
Most cases of Parkinson disease are caused by this type of inheritance.
What is sporadic?
This is the gold standard medication for managing Parkinson motor symptoms.
What is levodopa?
This tremor occurs during intentional movement and is commonly seen in cerebellar disorders.
What is an intention tremor?
Name the core motor triad used to clinically identify parkinsonism.
What are bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity?
A positive response to this medication supports a PD diagnosis.
What is levodopa?
This gene is the most common known genetic contributor to familial Parkinson disease.
What is LRRK2?
This surgical treatment targets the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus to reduce motor fluctuations.
What is deep brain stimulation (DBS)?
This tremor often presents bilaterally and is not associated with Parkinson disease.
What is an essential tremor?
This type of sleep disorder, involving dream enactment, may be an early sign of Parkinson's.
What is REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?
This tool may be used to assess early cognitive impairment in PD.
What is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)?
Early-onset PD or a strong family history may prompt this service.
What is genetic counseling?
These medications are commonly used in younger patients to delay levodopa initiation.
What are dopamine agonists (e.g., pramipexole, ropinirole)?
This rigidity type is characterized by a ratchety resistance to passive movement.
What is cogwheel rigidity?
This postural feature, common in later stages, increases fall risk.
What is postural instability?
This imaging technique shows reduced striatal dopamine transporter activity in PD.
What is a DaTSCAN?
Mutations in this gene are linked to both PD and Gaucher disease.
What is GBA?
This French neurologist first described the disease now named after him in 1817.
Who is James Parkinson?
This sudden inability to initiate gait is seen in advanced Parkinson’s.
What is freezing?
This writing change, where letters become smaller and cramped, is common in PD.
What is micrographia?
A diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease requires bradykinesia and at least one of these two signs.
What is resting tremor or rigidity?
This gene encodes α-synuclein, the primary component of Lewy bodies in Parkinson disease.
What is SNCA?
This experimental strategy aims to reduce pathological aggregation of alpha-synuclein by stabilizing its native helical conformation using rationally designed short peptides.
What are helix-constrained peptide mimetics?