Under Pressure
Interventions that can reduce the risk of developing hypertension
What is reduce etoh intake, control DM, cholesterol control, proper diet (low Na), weight control, physical exercise, stress reduction, decrease or quit smoking
Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute
What is cardiac output (CO)
Crackles, pink-frothy sputum, orthopnea, weakness
What are clinical manifestations (s/s) of Left sided HF?
Manifestation of myocardial ischemia
What is Angina
Intermittent claudication (definition)
What is ischemic muscle pain created with exercise/activity, severe cramping and resolves with rest?
Stage 2 hypertension (SBP/DBP...the values)
What is SBP 140 or above over 90 or above
Thickening of the chamber causing the heart to not pump effectively
What is hypertrophy?
Nursing intervention(s) and management for a patient with heart failure?
What is assess daily weights, pt. teaching on monitor weight, NA restrictive diet, report increase weight, patient education related to medications, s/s of exacerbation, ensure adequate CO, thorough CV assessment, assess O2, assess/document i/o, monitor for edema, encourage vaccinations, proper positioning for oxygenation and perfusion
Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, tobacco use, diabetes
What can lead to (or cause) Coronary Artery Disease(CAD)?
Low fat dairy, lean proteins, plenty of grains, fruits and vegetables
What is the recommended cardiac diet or DASH diet?
The biggest problem/effects of hypertension
What end organ damage?
Blood from the R ventricle gets pumped into this artery
What is the pulmonary artery/pulmonary arteries?
JVD, dependent edema, weight gain
What are clinical manifestations (s/s) of R sided HF?
What causes angina?
What is narrowing of 1 or more of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis; insufficient blood flow to the heart
1. Lab values: prefer this less than 200
2. Prefer this more than 45 in males and more than 55 in females (2-part answer)
1. What is total cholesterol (less than 200).
2. What is HDL?
Greater than 180/greater than 120
What is hypertensive crisis?
Blood flows from the pulmonary vein through this valve to the L ventricle
What is the mitral valve (bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve)?
Primary risk factors for the development of HF
What is HTN and CAD?
When stable angina suddenly becomes unstable...
What is Acute Coronary Syndrome (one form is an MI)
S/S include lower extremity edema, thick hardened skin, non-healing wounds
What is peripheral vascular disease (Chronic Venous Insufficiency-CVI)
DASH diet, monitor for CAD, PVD, teach med compliance and risk reduction
What is nursing management of the patient with htn?
How well the heart is pumping blood out with each beat, the percentage of blood leaving your heart with each contraction
What is the Ejection Fraction (EF)?
Pleural effusions, renal issues, anemia, dysrhythmias
What are complications of heart failure?
Coronary artery spasm causes this type of angina
What is Prinzmetals angina?
Prevention of this involves encouraging mobility, using compression devices, and administering anticoagulants to prevent the formation of clots, especially in immobile patients.
What is a deep vein thrombosis, (DVT)?