Biomolecules
What is an amino acid?
A monomer that makes up protein
What are enzymes?
Proteins which speed up the rate of chemical reactions by acting as biological catalysts.
Define adaptation
A characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its natural environment.
What is an isomer?
A compound with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
What is an element?
Any of over 100 substances that can not be separated to become simpler, and singly or in combination make up all matter.
What is a carbohydrate?
Contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; key source of energy. Includes sugars, starches, and fiber.
What determines the shape of an enzyme's active site?
It's tertiary structure
What is natural selection?
The process by which organisms best adapted to their environment survive & reproduce to pass on favorable traits to their offspring.
Define ionic bond
Attractive force between ions of opposite charge.
The smallest particle of an element is called a ____
Atom
What is nucleic acid?
Biomolecule containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Contains genetic information.
Explain why an increase in temperature increases the rate of enzyme activity.
More heat means more kinetic energy, so molecules move faster. This makes the substrate molecules more likely to collide with the enzymes active sites and collisions are more likely to be successful, resulting in a reaction,
Does natural selection change individuals or populations?
Populations
Define a polar covalent bond
Unequal sharing of electrons due to difference in electronegativity
What does pH measure?
Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
What is a lipid?
Biomolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes. Long-term energy. Glycerol head and fatty acid tail.
What happens to an enzyme's shape and function when it is denatured?
The bonds that hold the enzyme in shape are broken. This alters the shape of the active site meaning it is no longer a complementary shape to the substrate. So the enzyme can't catalyse the reaction.
According to the theory of natural selection, the organisms with the best adaptations are more likely to do what?
Survive and Reproduce
What is DNA?
The long, linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus of a cell, formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information.
Define solution and solvent
Solvents dissolve substances in a mixture; most of the time, it is water.
The solution is a mixture of one or more solutes evenly distributed in a solvent.
What is a peptide bond?
Chemical bond formed between two amino acid molecules.
How do enzymes affect the activation energy?
Enzymes lower the activation energy that is needed, making reactions happen at a lower temperature that they could without the enzyme. This speeds up the rate of reaction.
What is Descent with Modification?
The idea that new generations of organisms are different from their parents, and this helps lead to natural selection.
What is dehydration synthesis?
A chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule.
What is an hydrogen bond?
Chemical bonding in which two molecules link together by one or more hydrogen atoms.