Science Practice
This research method involves an in-depth study of a single individual or a small group to reveal universal principles.
What is a case study?
This part of the neuron receives incoming messages from other neurons.
What are dendrites?
This type of memory holds information for just a few seconds and includes iconic and echoic memory.
What is sensory memory?
According to Piaget, this is the first stage of cognitive development, where infants learn through their senses and actions.
What is the sensorimotor stage?
This phenomenon occurs when individuals perform better on simple tasks in the presence of others.
What is social facilitation?
The group in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable is called this.
What is the control group?
This neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure and reward and is linked to disorders like schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease.
What is dopamine?
The inability to create new memories after a brain injury is known as this.
What is anterograde amnesia?
This psychologist developed the theory of operant conditioning, which explains how behavior is influenced by reinforcement and punishment.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
The tendency to overestimate personal disposition and underestimate situational factors when explaining others’ behavior is called this.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
This measure of central tendency is found by adding all scores together and dividing by the total number of scores.
What is the mean?
This part of the brainstem controls basic life functions such as heartbeat and breathing.
What is the medulla?
This problem-solving strategy involves trying every possible solution until the correct one is found.
What is an algorithm?
In Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, the main challenge of adolescence is resolving this conflict.
What is identity vs. role confusion?
This classic experiment by Solomon Asch studied the effects of group pressure on conformity.
What is the Asch conformity experiment?
This famous psychological approach focuses on how mental and behavioral processes function to allow adaptation and survival.
What is functionalism?
This structure in the limbic system is primarily responsible for processing emotions, especially fear and aggression.
What is the amygdala?
his effect explains why people are more likely to remember items at the beginning and end of a list.
What is the serial position effect?
This type of learning occurs by observing and imitating the behavior of others, as demonstrated in Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment.
What is observational learning (or modeling)?
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster anonymity and arousal is known as this.
What is deindividuation?
This ethical principle requires that research participants be fully informed about the nature of a study and voluntarily agree to participate.
What is informed consent?
This lobe of the brain contains the somatosensory cortex and is responsible for processing touch and spatial awareness.
What is the parietal lobe?
This term refers to the mental framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information, influencing perception and memory.
What is a schema?
This type of attachment, identified by Mary Ainsworth, is characterized by distress when a caregiver leaves and difficulty being comforted upon their return.
What is anxious-ambivalent (or resistant) attachment?
Alfred Adler believed that this complex drives individuals to compensate for perceived weaknesses.
What is the inferiority complex? Or who is Mason Caldwell?