Software Engineering Fundamentals
This term describes a systematic approach to analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance of software
What is software engineering?
This architecture pattern divides a system into presentation, business logic, and data layers
What is Layered architecture?
These two main categories of UML diagrams show system structure and system behavior respectively
What are structural (static) and behavioral (dynamic) diagrams?
This Agile framework uses time-boxed iterations called sprints, typically lasting two weeks
What is Scrum?
These are the four pillars of object-oriented programming
What are Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, and Polymorphism?
These are the five phases of the SDLC in order
What are Requirements → Design → Implementation → Verification → Maintenance?
In MVC, these three components handle the user interface, business logic, and data respectively
What are View, Controller, and Model?
This behavioral diagram shows the interaction between objects over time through method calls
What is a Sequence diagram?
These two roles in Scrum are responsible for facilitating the process and managing the product backlog
Who are the Scrum Master and Product Owner?
This principle allows one interface to have multiple implementations
What is Polymorphism?
In the WRSPM model, these two components represent what users want versus the technical design
What are Requirements and Specification?
This architecture pattern involves small, independently deployable services
What are Microservices?
This structural diagram shows classes with their attributes, methods, and relationships
What is a Class diagram?
This Agile methodology emphasizes pair programming, test-driven development, and continuous integration
What is Extreme Programming (XP)?
This acronym warns against building features you don't currently need
What is YAGNI (You Aren't Gonna Need It)?
These two types of requirements describe what the system does versus constraints on the system
What are functional and non-functional requirements?
The "S" and "O" in SOLID stand for these two principles
What are Single Responsibility Principle and Open/Closed Principle?
This diagram type models the flow of control from one activity to another, similar to a flowchart
What is an Activity diagram?
These are the four values stated in the Agile Manifesto
What are individuals and interactions, working software, customer collaboration, and responding to change?
This term refers to the future cost incurred from taking shortcuts in code, and this practice improves internal code structure without changing external behavior
What are Technical Debt and Refactoring?
Spending extra time in this phase reduces cost and rework later.
What is the Requirements phase?
This design goal minimizes coupling and maximizes cohesion.
What is Separation of Concerns?
This diagram shows how objects collaborate in response to a single use case.
What is a Communication diagram?
This artifact contains prioritized user stories for future work.
What is the Product Backlog?
This principle states that high-level modules should not depend on low-level modules.
What is the Dependency Inversion Principle