Exercise Health / Psych. Well-Being
Define the term Mood
a temporary state of mind or feeling.
What is the relationship between physical activity and bone health?
What is more physical activity = better bone health?
What is a major health consequence of obesity?
It increases the risk of contracting type 2 diabetes.
What can obesity, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance lead to?
What is type 2 diabetes?
Define the term hypokinetic disease
A disease associated w/ a sedentary (inactive) lifestyle
Outline the effects of exercise on changing mood states
boosting "feel-good" chemicals, reducing stress and anxiety, improving sleep, and boosting self-esteem
What are long-term consequences of osteoporotic fractures?
What is disability, loss of independence, and impairment of quality of life?
How is obesity determined?
What is a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher?
How does a lifestyle of physical inactivity increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
It contributes to obesity, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance.
Discuss the relationship between major societal changes and hypokinetic disease
Urbanization, altered employment patterns and differences in transportation
Discuss the potential barriers to the physical activity
Physical barriers for example, perceptions of being too old or too fat
How does bone density change throughout life?
Bone mineral density peaks between ages 35 – 45 and gradually decreases after that.
What are the major risk factors for type 2 diabetes?
What is obesity and a family history of type 2 diabetes?
What are 3 of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
What is high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a lack of physical activity?
Distinguish between the term’s physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness
Physical activity: any bodily movement produced by contraction of skeletal muscle that substantially increases energy expenditure
Exercise: subcategory of leisure-time physical activity in which planned, structure, and repetitive bodily movements are performed to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness”
Physical fitness: health-related fitness (CV fitness, muscular strength & endurance, flexibility, body composition) vs. skill-related fitness (agility, balance, coordination, speed, power, reaction time)
Discuss potential personal and environmental barriers to physical activity
Lack of time, motivation, energy, skills, or confidence, while environmental barriers encompass factors like unsafe or inaccessible locations, lack of facilities, and unfavorable weather.
What are the traits of people who are more prone to getting osteoporosis?
Who are females, people over 60, and people w/ a family history of it?
What are the major differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 is when the body doesn’t produce insulin and often appears in childhood/adolescence.
Type 2 is when the body is insensitive to insulin, primarily due to poor diet and an inactive lifestyle. Most often appears in adulthood.
What is atherosclerosis?
What is hardening of the arteries due to accumulation of fat, cholesterol, and other substances in the walls of the arteries?
Discuss how studies of different populations provide evidence of the link between physical activity and hypokinetic disease
Jerry Morris examined prevalence of heart disease in bus drivers and bus conductors on double-decker buses in London, discovered bus conductors experienced half the number of heart attacks and sudden death due to heart attack than the drivers because bus conductors exercised more.
Describe the aims of exercise in individuals with a hypokinetic disease
Reduce risk factors, improve overall health, and enhance quality of life by building muscle, strengthening the heart, promoting blood flow, and burning fat.
What are the major risk factors for osteoporosis?
What is low BMI, low calcium, cigarette smoking, experiencing early menopause, and physical inactivity?
What are three health risks of diabetes?
Possible answers:
- Cerebrovascular disease (stroke)
- Retinopathy (common cause of blindness)
- Coronary heart disease
- Nephropathy (kidney damage)
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Neuropathy (nerve damage)
- Diabetic foot (results in ulceration and amputation)
When substances harden in arterial walls (atherosclerosis), what is produced?
What is plaque?
Outline the following hypokinetic diseases; coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis
CHD & stroke: often caused by atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries due to cholesterol and fat accumulation in arterial walls, creating plaque), leads to narrowing of arteries, blood clots, and even heart attack
Hypertension: high blood pressure
Obesity: excess of body fat that endangers health, calculated in BMI, increases risk of type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes: insensitive to insulin, AKA hyperglycemia, often have high insulin values (hyperinsulinemia) and high glucose values, often adult onset due to poor diet and lack of physical activity
Osteoporosis: low bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporotic fractures can lead to disability, female, people over 60, and those w/ a family history of it are most prone to osteoporosis, but can also be triggered by low BMI, low calcium, cigarette smoking, early menopause, and physical inactivity