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Aristotle said ...
Buridan's Bio
Projectile Motion
Free Falling Bodies
Celestial Motion
100
These are Aristotle's four elements.
What are earth, air, water and fire?
100
This was the year of Buridan's birth.
What is 1300?
100
Buridan proposed this concept to explain why a projectile keeps moving after it is thrown.
What is impetus?
100
As a body free falls, this happens to its speed.
What is speeds up?
100
This is the outer-most, supra-lunar location of stars and planets.
What is the celestial sphere?
200
This is why elemental earth falls and why the cosmological Earth is the center of the universe.
What is Earth's natural place?
200
This was the year of Buridan's death.
What is 1358?
200
In a counter example to Aristotle's explanation of projectile motion, Buridan points to this commonplace observation about travel by a boat that suddenly loses its propulsion.
What is the sailor would not feel a propelling wind?
200
We don't feel heat if we move our hands fast, and falling objects move at the same speed in summer and winter. Buridan uses these examples to disprove this theory.
What is Averroes theory that a falling object speeds up due to the heat it generates?
200
This was the initial cause of impetus for the celestial spheres.
Who is God?
300
This is required for all movement.
What is a mover?
300
This is where Buridan taught.
What is the University of Paris?
300
Unlike the kinematics of the Merton calculators, Buridan studied this this field, focused on the causes of motion.
What is dynamics?
300
This is why "less air in the way" does not explain acceleration of free falling bodies. (Think of rocks at different heights)
What is a rock up high starts to fall at the SAME speed as a rock that starts to fall close to the ground.
300
This is what heavenly bodies are made of.
What is aether?
400
This is the concept that Aristotle proposed to explain how air could be both moved and the mover.
What is Antiperistasis?
400
This was the division of the University, or the faculty, in which Buridan taught.
What is the Faculty of Arts?
400
Buridan used this implement to show that antiperistasis was insufficient to explain the motion of pointy ended objects.
What is a lance?
400
This is what proves that affinity for place does NOT make things fall faster. (Example with a rock)
What is a rock lifted close to the ground is just as heavy as a rock lifted way up high, away from the ground?
400
This term is used to say that a celestial body spins on its axis.
What is diurnal rotation?
500
This was the mathematical equation / derivation for velocity.
What is V = F/R?
500
This was the style of writing / argument practiced by Buridan and others in the 13th and 14th century universities.
What is disputation?
500
Unlike Buridan, this person dropped the idea of impetus saying that projectiles did not need a constant motive force to perpetuate their movement.
Who is Galileo?
500
This is the difference between Buridan's theory and the later theory of Isaac Newton.
What is the abandonment of impetus in favor of force at a distance in the form of gravity?
500
According to Buridan, the nobler objects are more likely to be at this.
What is rest?