Brain Anatomy
What part of the brain does this article focus on?
Hippocampus or dentate gyrus
Which group had the lowest gut microbiome diversity
AMA + EX
How many weeks did the EX groups exercise?
8 weeks
From what type of sample did they measure gut microbiome diversity?
Fecal sample
What do you call the small distance between the axon terminal of one cell and the dendrites of another axon (hint: this is the space through which they communicate)
Synaptic Cleft or Synapse
What 2 synaptic protein levels are measured in this article?
BDNF and PSD-95
Which group had the highest rates of neurogenesis
CON + EX
What is the name of the method used to measure PSD-95 and BDNF levels? (provide picture)
Western Blot
What is the process in which neural progenitor/stem cells differentiate into neurons, glia, etc.
neurogenesis
What two main types of cells can neural progenitors differentiate into?
Neurons and glia
What type of synaptic protein is PSD-95?
Scaffolding protein
Which group had the lowest rate of neurogenesis
AMA
What are the 2 stains used to identify newly differentiated cells and neurons, respectively?
BrdU and NeuN
What type of variable B-actin in this graph?
(show them the graph)
a control
What is the difference in a measure of richness vs diversity?
Richness is how many different groups are present; diversity includes how evenly the groups are distributed
What lobe is the hippocampus in?
Temporal lobe
Which group had the highest rates of BDNF and PSD-95 expression?
CON + EX
What are the two statistical methods to measure bacteria diversity called?
Shannon and inverse simpson
What DNA base does BrdU mimic/replace?
Thymine
What are the groups that bacteria are grouped into for richness analysis called?
Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU)
Name 4 neurotransmitters
Anything counts! (dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, NE, ACh, endorphins, neuropeptides, histamine)
How many male offspring were in each experimental group?
10
To measure neurogenesis, what part of the hippocampus is the sample taken from? (Hint: one of the few brain regions where neurogenesis persists into adulthood)
Dentate gyrus
From what country does this data in this article primarily come from?
Korea
What do we call the change in gene markers due to external factors (ex. Stress, smoking) that change expression of genes without changing the composition of genes themselves?
Epigenetics