HISTORY OF JOURNALISM
What characterized "yellow journalism" in the late 19th century?
a) Objective reporting and factual accuracy.
b) Sensationalism, exaggeration, and emotional manipulation.
c) Minimal editorial influence.
d) In-depth scientific analysis.
b) Sensationalism, exaggeration, and emotional manipulation.
What is the "cardinal principle" of journalism?
a) Entertainment
b) Getting the facts right
c) Political allegiance
d) Profit maximization
b) Getting the facts right
Which news quality refers to stories that happen close to the target audience?
a) Timeliness
b) Impact
c) Proximity
d) Prominence
c) Proximity
What is a "Primary Source"?
a) Information found on Wikipedia.
b) A source personally researched through interviews or first-hand experience.
c) A press release from a company.
d) Another newspaper's report.
b) A source personally researched through interviews or first-hand experience.
What are the three categories of genres according to the writer's intention?
a) Fiction, Non-fiction, and Poetry.
b) Informative, Interpretative, and Argumentative.
c) Local, National, and International.
d) Short, Medium, and Long.
b) Informative, Interpretative, and Argumentative.
What was the role of "penny press" newspapers?
a) They catered exclusively to the elite.
b) They democratized access to information through low-cost publications.
c) They were only distributed in universities.
d) They were the first newspapers to use color photography.
b) They democratized access to information through low-cost publications.
How does "libel" differ from "slander"?
a) Libel is spoken; slander is written.
b) Libel is written; slander is spoken.
c) Libel is legal; slander is illegal.
d) There is no difference.
b) Libel is written; slander is spoken.
What is "Infotainment"?
a) A virus that attacks news websites.
b) The blur between news and entertainment.
c) A formal educational documentary.
d) Data-driven investigative reporting.
b) The blur between news and entertainment.
What is the purpose of a "Contacts book"?
a) To list the journalist's favorite restaurants.
b) To store names and details of trusted people for information.
c) To record the journalist's daily expenses.
d) To archive old news stories.
b) To store names and details of trusted people for information.
What is a "Feature Story" characterized by?
a) Having less immediacy but more depth/informative quality.
b) Being signed by the President.
c) Only focusing on political figures.
d) Having no structure.
a) Having less immediacy but more depth/informative quality.
Is freedom of the press absolute?
a) Yes, there are no limitations.
b) No, it has limitations like protecting national security and privacy.
c) Only in the United States.
d) It only applies to television, not the internet.
b) No, it has limitations like protecting national security and privacy.
According to the ethical steps for avoiding libel, what should a reporter do if someone refuses to respond to an attack?
a) Ignore the person and publish the story.
b) State in the story that the person refused to respond.
c) Make up a response to balance the story.
d) Wait indefinitely until they respond.
b) State in the story that the person refused to respond.
A story titled "Man ticketed for walking his lizard" is an example of:
a) Hard-news
b) Unusual nature / Singularity
c) Political independence
d) News conferences
b) Unusual nature / Singularity
What does "Off the record" mean?
a) The information can be published with the source's name.
b) The information cannot be published in any form.
c) The information is shared only on social media.
d) The source wants to be famous.
b) The information cannot be published in any form.
Which argumentative genre is a regular article written by the same author with their personal view?
a) Review
b) Column
c) Profile
d) Fact-check
b) Column
The Sedition Act of 1798 in the United States:
a) Expanded freedom of speech.
b) Criminalized false statements against the government.
c) Protected whistleblowers.
d) Encouraged public criticism of the President.
b) Criminalized false statements against the government.
What defines "independence" in a financial sense for media companies?
a) Relying solely on government funding.
b) Having diverse revenue sources without over-dependence on one group.
c) Being owned by a single political party.
d) Refusing all forms of advertising.
b) Having diverse revenue sources without over-dependence on one group.
Which news quality focus on "Why should I care?" and how a story affects lives?
a) Impact
b) Singularity
c) Trends
d) Human interest
a) Impact
Which of the following is considered a "Secondary Source"?
a) An eyewitness interview.
b) Attending a news conference.
c) Public records or news releases.
d) Personal observation of a crime.
c) Public records or news releases.
What is the focus of a "Profile"?
a) A detailed analysis of the stock market.
b) Revealing the character of an interesting person.
c) Reporting on a recent bank robbery.
d) Providing a movie recommendation.
b) Revealing the character of an interesting person.
What was the significance of John Peter Zenger’s trial?
a) It established legal protections for freedom of the press.
b) It led to the closure of all American newspapers.
c) It made journalism illegal for ten years.
d) It introduced the first advertisements in newspapers.
a) It established legal protections for freedom of the press.
What is a "Stylebook" used for in a newsroom?
a) To list the best-dressed journalists.
b) To ensure consistency and accuracy in writing and voice.
c) To keep track of the most popular news stories.
d) To provide a list of anonymous sources.
b) To ensure consistency and accuracy in writing and voice.
A story about a major celebrity's wedding is an example of which news quality?
a) Conflict
b) Prominence
c) Helpfulness
d) Unusual Nature
b) Prominence
Under which condition can "Anonymous Sources" be used according to AP's rules?
a) When the journalist is too lazy to find the real name.
b) When the source is reliable and in a position to have direct knowledge.
c) Only if the source is a famous celebrity.
d) If the information is common knowledge.
b) When the source is reliable and in a position to have direct knowledge.
An article that presents the newspaper's official opinion on an issue is an:
a) Interview
b) Editorial
c) Feature story
d) Hard-news report
b) Editorial