Gases
The word "kinetic" refers to:
motion
Substances that can flow are referred to as
Fluids
The smallest group of particles that retains the geometric shape of a crystal is a:
unit cell
The point on a phase diagram where all three phases exist in equilibrium is the:
triple point
Energy is the capacity for doing work or:
supplying heat
The energy an object has because of its motion is called:
Kinetic Energy
Which states of matter are considered fluids?
Liquids and gases
Ionic solids generally have:
a) Low melting points
b) High melting points
c) No fixed shape
d) High compressibility
high melting points
Low pressures and high temperatures generally favor:
gases
The study of energy changes during chemical reactions is:
thermochemistry
According to kinetic theory, all matter consists of tiny particles that are
In constant motion
In an open system, molecules that evaporate can:
escape from the system
Molecular solids are held together by:
Covalent Bonds
The heat added during melting goes into:
a) Increasing temperature
b) Pulling molecules farther apart
c) Creating new atoms
d) Stopping motion
pulling molecules farther apart
Energy stored within the bonds or arrangement of atoms is:
chemical potential energy
Particles in a gas are usually
lightly packed
In a closed system, evaporated molecules:
collect as vapor and condense back into a liquid
Two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same state are:
isotopes
Phase diagrams help predict which state is present at a given:
temperature and pressure
The First Law of Thermodynamics states that:
energy is conserved
Which is an assumption of kinetic theory regarding gas particles
relatively far apart
A measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid is:
vapor pressure
Which of the following is an allotrope of carbon?
a) Steel
b) Diamond
c) Plastic
d) Glass
diamond
Compressibility is a measure of how much ______ decreases under pressure
Heat flows spontaneously from:
warmer to cooler
Between gas particles, there is
empty space
When the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation, the system is in
equilibrium
An amorphous solid lacks:
an ordered internal structure
If the number of gas particles in a container is doubled, the pressure will:
Double
The part of the universe on which you focus your attention is the:
system
Gas particles move in a way that is
random, rapid, constant
Vapor pressure is produced by particles colliding with:
Glass is often referred to as a:
supercooled liquid
Reducing the volume of a contained gas will:
raise the pressure
In an exothermic process, the system:
releases heat
Gases fill their containers regardless of
shape and volume
Evaporation occurs at the
surface of the liquid
In a face-centered cubic (FCC) unit cell, there are atoms at the corners and:
one in the center
Boyle’s Law states that pressure and volume are:
inversely related
In an endothermic process, the heat change (q) is:
positive
All collisions between particles in a gas are perfectly:
elastic
Particles in a solid tend to
vibrate around fixed points
The change of a solid directly into a gas is called:
sublimation
Which variables are held constant in Boyle's Law?
temperature and amount
The SI unit of energy is the:
Joule
The average kinetic energy of particles is directly related to
temperature
he temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid is the:
melting point
The change of a vapor directly into a solid is called:
sublimation
Gay-Lussac’s Law states that pressure is directly proportional to:
temperature
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1°C is:
specific heat
Absolute zero is the temperature at which:
when particle motion theoretically ceases
Melting and freezing points occur at:
temperatures 100 degrees apart
A graph showing the conditions of T and P where a substance exists as S, L, or G is a:
phase diagram
An increase in temperature of a gas causes the particles to move:
faster
The insulated device used to measure heat flow is a:
calorimeter
Absolute zero is equal to
OK
A highly ordered, repeating, three-dimensional pattern of particles is a
Crystal lattice
During a phase change, the temperature of a substance:
increases
In gas law calculations, temperature must always be in:
Kelvin
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the ______ of the universe increases for any spontaneous process:
entropy