Testing & Prescription
ACSM recommends accumulating this many minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity
150 minutes per week
Chronic resistance training increases this architectural characteristic of muscle
Cross-sectional area
The pathway that breaks glucose into pyruvate
Glycolysis
the upward drift of heart rate over time, coupled with a progressive decline in stroke volume and the continued maintenance of cardiac output
Cardiac Drift
the motor neuron & the muscle fibers it innervates
motor unit
ACSM recognizes this physiological threshold as the point where lactate begins to accumulate exponentially
Lactate threshold
This principle states that training adaptations are specific to the imposed demands
SAID principle (Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands)
The cycle producing NADH and FADHâ‚‚ aerobically
Kreb's cycle
The system controlling acute exercise HR response
autonomic nervous system
plasma membrane of myofiber; has voltage-gated channels regularly distributed to allow electrical stimulation via action potentials
Sarcolemma
A sedentary individual with diagnosed diabetes planning vigorous exercise must first obtain this
Medical Clearance
The sliding filament responsible for force production
actin and myosin
The hormone that increases glycogen synthesis
Insulin
What is cardiac output?
HR x SV
layer of connective that surrounds entire muscle
Epimysium
ACSM defines moderate-intensity aerobic exercise as this percentage of heart rate reserve
40-59% HRR
The type of muscle fiber with the highest mitochondrial density
Type I fiber
The use of non-carbohydrates as a source of energy during exercise so that the depletion of muscle glycogen stores is delayed
Glycogen sparing
The model explaining the interaction between cardiovascular delivery and muscular oxygen use
Fick equation
responsible for delivering cytosolic calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium pump
ACSM identifies this as the primary mechanism for early strength gains
Neural Adaptations
The phenomenon where repeated stimulation increases force output
summation
a collection of proteins bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane and organic molecules, which electrons pass through in a series of redox reactions, and release energy
Electron transport chain
The Framingham Heart Study started as a large cohort study in 1948 with the purpose of identifying and examining the effects of various risk factors for the development of which disease process?
Cardiovascular disease
specialized proprioceptor that attaches to tendons; detect differences in tension generates by active muscle rather than muscle length; serve to prevent muscle injury from over-contraction
golgi tendon organs