Judicial Branch

Court Structure

100

This is the highest court in the United States

Supreme Court

200

This is where federal courts are initially heard

District Courts

300

This type of court reviews decisions made by lower courts

Appellate Courts

400

This is the amount of justices that make up the Supreme Court

9 justices (1 is chief justice)

500

This is the system where there are both federal and state courts.

A dual court system

Legal Lingo

100

Thus is a type of case where people accused of a crime appear in court for a trial

Criminal case

200

This is a type of case where the courts use laws to settle disputes

Civil Case

300

This is the authority to hear a case for the first time

Original Jurisdiction

400

This is the power to review laws (to determine if they are constitutional)

Judicial Review

500

This is the example to be used to help judges make decisions in future cases that are similar

Precedent

Landmark Cases

100

This case established the principle of judicial review

Marbury v. Madison

200

This case ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional 

Brown v Board of Education

300

This case established the right of a suspect to be informed of their constitutional rights

Miranda v. Arizona

400

This case upheld the constitutionally of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine

Plessy v. Ferguson

500

This case determined that the right to an abortion was protected under the right to privacy

Roe v. Wade

Foundations

100

This article of the US Constitution establishes the judicial branch

Article lll

200

The primary job of the judicial branch is to do this with the laws made by Congress

Interpret or evaluate laws

300

Congress has the significant power to determine the shape and structure of the federal judiciary, including creating "inferior courts."

Congress's power to establish lower federal courts

400

The qualifications per Article lll to be a Supreme Court Justice

None

500

DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!!!

This person was the only president that served as both President and Chief Justice of the United States

William Howard Taft

Amendments

100

This is the amendment that protects the freesom of speech, religion, the press, the right to assemble, and the right to petition the government.

The 1st amendment

200

This is the amendment that protects the right to bear arms

The 2nd amendment

300

This is the amendment that grants citizenship and equal protection under the law

The 14th amendment

400

This amendment protects against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and ensures due process of law

The 5th amendment

500

This amendment gave women the right to vote

The 19th amendment