Judicial Branch

Landmark Cases

100

This case established the Miranda Warning.

Miranda v. Arizona

200

This case established judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.

Marbury v. Madison

300

This case guaranteed the right to counsel defendants in state criminal trials, even if they can't afford an attorney.

Gideon v. Wainwright

400

This case reinforced the supremacy of federal law (Supremacy Clause)

McCulloch v. Maryland

500

This case established the exclusionary rule, prohibiting the use of evidence obtained through illegal searches and seizures in state courts.

Mapp v. Ohio

Vocabulary

100

This is a type of case where people accused of a crime appear in court for a trial

Criminal Case

200

This is the example to be used to help judges make decisions in future cases that are similar.

Precedent

300

This is a group of people that examine evidence to determine whether there is probable cause to bring an accused person to trial.

Grand Jury

400

This asserts that judicial review should be constrained to decisions that adhere to current constitutional and case precedent.

Judicial Restraint

500

This asserts that judicial review allows the courts to overturn current constitutional and case precedent or invalidate legislative or executive acts.

Judicial Activism

Supreme Court

100

This is the number of justices in the Supreme Court.

Nine

200

This group approves the President's choice for a Supreme Court justice.

The Senate.

300

These are the qualifications to be a Supreme Court Justice.

None.

400

This rule makes it so that at least 4 of the 9 justices must agree to grant a Writ of Certiorari.

The Rule of 4

500

This act was created to relieve the Supreme Court's caseload.

The Judiciary Act of 1891

Structure of the Courts

100

These are the types of court systems in the U.S.

Federal and State.

200

This is the lowest court.

Trial Court.

300

An appellate court has this many judges in its panel.

3

400

These are the appellate courts' options for a ruling after hearing a case.

Reverse, affirm, remand.

500

This type of inferior court has a wide focus and is established by Article III of the constitution.

Constitutional Court

Misc

100

This is the final decision in a case (either guilty or innocent).

Verdict

200

An example of this type of case is a divorce case.

Trial Case.

300

These amendments include the due process rights.

The 14th and 5th amendment.

400

These are the steps of the trial process.

Opening statements, evidence and cross examination, closing statement, jury deliberation, and verdict.

500

Double Jeopardy: This court is for claims for denied or mishandles claims by the Department of Veteran's Affairs.

U.S. Appeals for Veterans