Legal Terms
This is what is needed to get a warrant or to search a suspect
What is Probable Cause?
1 Type of crime: punishable by more than 1 year in prison (murder, arson, rape, etc.)
What is a Felony?
Court case that supports the constitutionality of governments mandating vaccines.
What is Jacobson v Massachusetts?
The Landmark court case that overturned the precedent set by Plessy v Ferguson.
What is Brown v Board of Education?
The first Chief Justice of the Suprem Court
Who was John Jay?
A citizen’s rights in the court system:
•Lawyer
•Fair/speedy trial
•Impartial Jury
What is Due Process?
Legal documents that order a witness to appear in court.
•It is illegal to refuse one
•They can also subpoena documents or other types of evidence
What is a subpeona?
Landmark case from the Marshal Court that granted the Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review.
What is Marbury v Madison?
The term for the Supreme Courts ability to decide if something is constitutional or not.
What is Judicial Review ?
The current Chief Justice of the Suprem Court
Who is John Roberts?
The person being accused of the crime or lawsuit
This is the title for Criminal and Civil Cases
What is the Defendant?
A crime: punishable by less than one year in prison (shoplifting, DUI, etc.)
What is a misdemeanor?
Landmark case that limits the executive branch's power of executive privilege: It is not an absolute privilege.
What is U.S. v Nixon?
4 judges need to approve to take on case: This is part of the process to decide which case the Supreme Court will hear. Only 1% of cases will the court actually hear.
What is The "rule of 4" ?
The first woman to be appointed a justice of the Supreme Court.
Who was Sandra Day O'Connor?
•A person is innocent until proven guilty
•This is one of the defining tenants of our justice system
Presumption of Innocence
The term for when a lower court petitions higher court for review because a constitutional issue has been raised.
What is a Writ of Certiorari
The Landmark case that expanded the power of the legislative branch confirming their implied powers based on the necessary and proper clause.
What is McCulloch v Maryland
The term for when judges confine themselves to applying those rules that are stated in or clearly implied by the language of the Constitution.
What is Judicial Restraint?
The first African American Justice appointed to the Suprem Court.
Who was Thurgood Marshall?
•The evidence is weighed and the side with stronger evidence wins
•This is how Civl Trials are Decided
•Most Civil Trials don't have juries, but they can according to the 7th amendment
What is Preponderance of Evidence?
The term for when interest groups submit to Court to see their side of the argument
What is Amicus brief?
Landmark case that established the Supreme Courts power of Judicial Review.
What is Marbury v Madison
The term for when judges make bold policy decisions, even if it means chartering new constitutional ground; in other words, the courts not only defines but makes the law
What is Judicial Activism?
The most recent woman to be appointed to the Suprem Court.
Who is Ketanji Brown Jackson?