Court Cases
Declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine.
What is Brown v. board of education?
A less serious crime usually punishable by a fine or jail time of less than one year.
What is a misdemeanor?
The supreme law of the land.
What is the United States Constitution?
This person provides testimony or evidence in a court proceeding based on their firsthand knowledge of events or facts relevant to the case.
What is a witness
This court deals with smaller cases like traffic violations, misdemeanors, and small civil disputes.
What is General District Court?
Established that if someone is accused of a crime and can't afford a lawyer, the court must make sure they have a lawyer provided for them by the court.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
A serious crime typically punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by death.
What is a felony?
When someone isn't happy with a court decision and they can ask a higher court to review it.
What is an appeal?
In the legal system, this individual presides over court proceedings, making decisions based on the law and evidence presented. They handle cases in lower courts, dealing with matters ranging from criminal offenses to civil disputes.
What is a judge?
This court is the highest court in Virginia's legal system.
What is the Virginia Supreme Court?
Established the principle of judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
The authority given to a court to hear and decide cases.
What is jurisdiction?
The principle that gives the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
What is Judicial Review?
A group of people who listen to evidence and facts presented in a court case and decide if someone is guilty or innocent.
What is a jury?
Handles cases involving kids and family as well as juvenile crimes and offenses.
What is Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court?
Established the requirement for law enforcement to inform suspects of their rights before conducting custodial interrogations.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
The power of a court to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to reviewing a lower court's decision.
What is Original Jurisdiction?
A case where a court settles a disagreement between two parties to recover damages or receive compensation.
What is a civil case?
This individual is the person accused of committing a crime or being sued in a civil case. They have the right to defend themselves against the charges brought against them and are presumed innocent until proven guilty.
What is a defendant?
This court handles bigger cases like felonies and large civil disputes, as well as appeals from lower courts.
What is a circuit court
Upheld the free speech rights of students in public schools, establishing that students do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.”
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
The authority of a court to review and potentially change the outcome of a case that has already been decided by a lower court.
Appellate Jurisdiction
A case where a court determines whether a person accused of breaking the law is guilty or not guilty of a misdemeanor or a felony.
What is a criminal case?
a lawyer who conducts the case against a defendant in a criminal court.
What is a prosecutor?
This Virginia court reviews decisions made by lower courts that are appealed by the people involved.
What is the Virginia Court of Appeals?
Established the standard for searches of students by school officials, balancing students' Fourth Amendment rights against the need for maintaining a safe and orderly school environment.
What is New Jersey v. T.L.O.
This amendment prohibits the national government from violating due process.
What is the 5th amendment?
This amendment prohibits state and local governments from violating due process.
What is the 14th amendment?
The constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws. People must be given fair trials.
What is due process of law?
If a case in the Virginia Supreme court is appealed, the case would be passed on to this court.
What is the United States Supreme Court?