Foundations of Psychology
The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes
What is psychology?
The cerebellum
What part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Sigmund Freud
Who is known as the "Father of Psychoanalysis"?
Exercise, talking to friends, or practicing mindfulness.
Name one strategy for managing stress.
Ivan Pavlov
Who is known for his work on classical conditioning with dogs?
Behaviorism is the study of observable behavior. It was founded by John B. Watson.
What is behaviourism, and who founded it?
Neurons transmit information in the brain and nervous system.
What is the main function of neurons?
Manifest content (what happens in the dream) and latent content (hidden meaning)
What are the two main components of dreams according to Freud?
What is the fight-or-flight response?
A physical reaction to stress that prepares the body to either confront or escape a threat
B.F. Skinner.
Who developed the theory of operant conditioning?
Introspection is examining one’s own thoughts and feelings. It was used in structuralism
What is introspection, which school of psychology used it?
Automatic functions like breathing, heartbeat, and digestion.
What does the brainstem control?
REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep.
What stage of sleep is most associated with vivid dreaming?
Sympathetic (activates fight-or-flight) and Parasympathetic (calms the body down)
What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system, and what do they do?
Albert Bandura.
What psychologist is famous for studying observational learning?
Who wrote The Principles of Psychology and emphasized the purpose of behavior in functionalism?
William James
Frontal (decision-making), Temporal (language understanding), Parietal (sensation), Occipital (vision).
Four lobes of the brain and one function for each.
Unconscious desires and conflicts.
Freud believed dreams reveal what about a person?
It can lead to high blood pressure, weakened immune system, or sleep problems.
Name one way stress can affect physical health.
Sigmund Freud.
What psychologist emphasized unconscious motives in human behavior?
It focuses on how ethnicity, culture, gender, and socioeconomic status influence personality, behavior, and mental processes.
What is the sociocultural perspective, and how does it influence behavior?
It is a thick band of neural fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain, allowing them to communicate with each other.
What is the corpus callosum, and what is its primary function?
The activation-synthesis theory, which suggests dreams result from random neural activity in the brain
Name one modern theory about why we dream that differs from Freud's theory.
Acute stress is short-term and linked to specific events, while chronic stress is long-term and can lead to serious health issues like heart disease
What are two differences between acute and chronic stress?
Wilhelm Wundt is known as the "Father of Experimental Psychology" and established the first psychology laboratory.
Who is Wilhelm Wundt, why is he important to psychology?