The Torah
What five books make up the Torah?
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy
In this famous illustration, Plato compares humanity to a set of prisoners staring at shadows, and mistake the shadows for reality. When one sees reality as it is, nobody else believes them. What is this story called?
the Allegory of the Cave
According to Jesus, it's not the letter of the law, but the spirit. What is the essence of the Law of God according to Christ?
Love
Justice is Harmony
Plato
According to tradition, who wrote the Torah?
Moses
When was the final form of the Torah finished? After what event?
The Babylonian Exile
What is the ultimate Form/Idea according to Plato?
Goodness
What are the two greatest commandments according to Jesus?
Love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, and mind.
Love your neighbor as yourself.
Justice is Covenantal and Patriarchal
the Torah
Define Monolatry
When one worships one God but believes other gods exist.
These sources are among the earliest written portions of the Torah, dating between the 10-8th centuries BCE.
non-P Sources (J and E)
List examples of what Plato means by Lesser Forms.
things like chairness, dogness, catness, etc.
What are the four categories for understanding the Torah, according to the Roman Catholic Church?
Civil Law
Religious Law
Moral Law
the New Law
Justice must proceed from love, mercy, and kindness
Jesus
According to the Documentary Hypothesis, what are the three major sources of the Torah?
P-Source
D-Source
Non-P Sources (or J and E)
This is Documentary Hypothesis source tends to:
1) use various names for the divine: Elohim, El Shaddai (or Yahweh but only after Genesis).
2) Concerned with showing the word of Yahweh coming to pass
3) categorizations and types of specifications
the P-Source (Priestly)
Similar to how Plato sees justice as harmony among the soul’s three parts, a typical Christian interpretation says true harmony comes from what?
a right relationship with God
or, and order of love (ordo amoris)
Why does Saint Augustine disagree with the Roman philosophers that argue human beings can improve themselves and create justice?
the Doctrine of Original Sin
Justice is a series of rightly and appropriately ordered loves. God first, then neighbor/other, then goods and materials.
What was the name of the Jewish family that fought in a revolution against the Greeks, and established a Jewish Kingdom of Israel?
the Hasmoneans (known as the Maccabeans)
Scholars believe this Documentary Hypothesis source is associated with:
1) the religious reforms of King Josiah of Judah.
2) emphasized monolatry and dedication only to the one temple in Jerusalem
3) retrofitted and rewrote Israel's history
D-Source (the Deuteronomists)
Name all three classes of Plato's Republic. Their order and a description of what they are.
1) Philosopher Kings: Know the higher Forms/Ideas and are best suited to lead.
2) Military: Receive instruction from the PKs and carry out their commands.
3) Everyone Else: The rest of the people in various positions and occupations that are guided by 1-2.
Why does Saint Augustine say the Earthly City (the City of Man) can never embody perfect justice?
He says this is because it is always marked by sin and self-interest.
Justice is the soul ordered rightly, as well as the soul.
Plato
What is a pluralist society and why might Augustine argue there is no justice in such a place?
Pluralist Society: a diverse society where multiple groups with different beliefs, values, and interests coexist peacefully
Augustine says the best city to approximate true justice must love the Christian God first and foremost. We must give God our due.