Conceptions and definitions
This term is defined as criminal offenses committed by someone considered a juvenile.
What are delinquent offenses?
These are the two strongest correlates of crime.
What are age and gender?
These were the people who were fundamental to the child savers movement.
Who are middle- to upper-class white women?
Crime rates moved in this direction after the late 1990s.
What is down?
This term is defined as a categorical aspect of a person that could hypothetically be changed if they try.
What is an achieved status?
This term is defined as actions that are against the law due to the age of the person doing them.
What are status offenses?
These are the strongest norms, because they are backed by official sanctions.
What are laws?
This term refers to the state taking on the role of parent.
What is parens patriae?
This data source is particularly useful for understanding true offending rates.
What are self-report studies?
This term is defined as a categorical aspect of a person that one is born into, and cannot be changed.
What is an ascribed status?
This conception of delinquency suggests that there is a general set of norms for behavior that we all agree on.
What is the normative conception of delinquency?
These are "moral" norms that may generate more outrage when broken.
What are mores?
These often are accelerated when a group becomes concerned about the welfare of children, even if their concerns are overblown.
What is a moral panic?
This data source is particularly useful for understanding what crimes are known to police.
What is the UCR/NIBRS?
This term describes personal attitudes of prejudice.
What is individual discrimination?
This conception of delinquency suggests that the popular idea of what is normal is established by those in power to maintain or enhance their power.
What is the critical conception of delinquency?
These are everyday norms that do not generate much uproar if violated.
What are folkways?
The media often perpetuates the myth that we should feel this way toward youth.
What is fear?
This issue in statistics refers to how a change may appear to be very big, despite that not truly being the case.
What is the tyranny of small numbers?
This term describes when the structures of the state are unequal in their routine workings.
What is institutional discrimination?
This conception of delinquency suggests that popular ideas of what is normal are subjectively derived through social, political, and/or economic factors.
What is the social constructionist conception of delinquency?
In the mid-1800s, these institutions were the common outcome for juveniles deemed to be in need of care, predelinquent, or delinquent.
What are Houses of Refuge?
This is the year and place that the first juvenile court was established.
What is Cook County, Illinois in 1899?
This type of reasoning moves from specific observation to broader generalizations based on those observations, and is often used in qualitative studies.
What is inductive reasoning?
This term refers to the many issues for children that may it more likely that they will become incarcerated at some stage in their life.
What is the cradle-to-prison pipeline?