Landmark
This landmark SCOTUS case guaranteed juveniles "due process" rights, including notice of charges and the right to counsel.
What is In re: Gault
This case applied Double Jeopardy protections to juvenile proceedings.
What is Breed v. Jones?
This specific punishment for crimes committed by persons under the age of 18 was ruled unconstitutional.
What is the death penalty
What "warnings" are required before custodial interrogation?
What are Miranda warnings
This case held that a mandatory life without parole sentence is unconstitutional for juvenile defendants who have been convicted of murder.
What is Miller v. Alabama
This decision established “beyond a reasonable doubt” as the standard in juvenile adjudications, when loss of liberty is a potential.
What is In re Winship
This phrase describes the Constitutional protection against a person being tried twice for the same offense.
What is Double Jeopardy
This case prohibited the imposition of the death penalty on persons who were juveniles at the time of the offense for which they were convicted.
What is Roper v. Simmons
This case ruled that age must be considered in Miranda custody analysis.
What is J.D.B. v. North Carolina
Miller v. Alabama prohibits this type of sentencing scheme
What is Mandatory LWOP?
What SCOTUS case clarified whether or not juvenile defendants have the right to a trial by jury?
What is McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
The waiver of jurisdiction from juvenile to adult court should occur at this hearing to avoid a Double Jeopardy scenario for a juvenile whose offense could be tried in an adult court.
What is a preliminary hearing?
The Supreme Court emphasized that, for this purpose under the Eighth Amendment, juveniles are constitutionally different from adults.
What is sentencing
Police failure to provide warnings led to this legal challenge.
What is a motion to suppress the juvenile's confession
This case prohibited life without parole for non-homicide when the crime is committed by a juvenile.
What is Graham v. Florida
This 1966 Supreme Court case required a full waiver hearing, assistance of counsel, and access to social records before transferring a juvenile to adult court.
What is Kent v. United States
Which Constitutial amendment in the Bill of Rights reads . . . "nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb . . ."
What is the Fifth Amendment
Mandatory life without the possibility of parole violates this Constitutional amendment, according to the SCOTUS ruling in Miller v. Alabama
What is the Eighth Amendment
The Supreme Court held that this personal characteristic affects perceptions of custody for juveniles who are subject to police questioning.
What is age
According to Miller v. Alabama, sentencing courts must consider these factors before imposing LWOP on a person who was a juvenile when the crime was committed.
What are mitigating factors
These two landmark cases extended Due Process protections to juvenile proceedings at the state level.
What are Kent v. United States and In re Gault
The respondent in Breed v. Jones.
Who is Gary Steven Jones
"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted."
What is the Eight Amendment
J.D.B. (the juvenile in J.D.B. v. North Carolina) was questioned at this location.
What is Smith Middle School
LWOP
What is Life without the possibility of parole